Kicked off Stripe. Where else can I go?

Sorry to hear about your experience. Unfortunately, this is far to common with Stripe. Stripe shut down my previous SaaS without warning or explanation. It was almost a death sentence for my business.

I built OpenPay (getopenpay.com) so you can flexibly move from Stripe to another payment processor without losing a cent of revenue. Happy to get you set up, and help you migrate from Stripe. Feel free to reach out to me at lance [at] getopenpay.com and I can hop on a call with you today to help you get migrated

We've helped dozens of people in your position. We can help you quickly transition the code you've written (our API is basically the same) and get your subscriptions up and running again

It depends heavily on what kind of "high risk" business you have. In general the path forward aiui is to find a high-risk payment processor.

Have you tried Paddle? They handle all the taxation for you.