It feels a bit disrespectful that he thinks he needs do dumb down anything he says to me.
If I were talking to someone experienced in that way, I'd surely be behaving in a passive-aggresive way. I wonder if he's extremely annoyed at me and this is his way to show it.
But consider, maybe he explains things like he does regardless of who he is talking to? Sometimes the best explanation for a junior developer is also the best explanation for a senior developer. Do you have any other reasons to believe he disrespects you?
You probably want to tell your boss "stop disrespecting me and giving me junior level explanations, stop being patronizing". Of course, you can't just say this... or can you? You can probably find a way to say this if you "grease it" with enough respect. Find a way to be honest and respectful. Maybe something like "I appreciate your explanation, but I'm having a hard time following. I think it would help if we could talk about things in higher-level terms I'm already familiar with, I already know what an API is so we can just talk about API's without going into more detail, the extra detail is distracting me from the thing I want an answer about, etc."
Just trying to give some advice that might help if you want to stay. But again, leaving might be the right choice too. Your call. It would help if you would be a little more concrete about what and how he speaks.
Your boss should be a better gauge of your skill level and adjust his language accordingly.
On the other hand it's on you to tell him that the level he is communicating at isn't right for you and he can skip the explanatory stuff if he's doing it for you.
I would be THRILLED to have someone who wanted to explain things like I was 5, lots of people don't
Can you give an example?
One of my biggest annoyances with devs is that they rarely give "upward feedback". They expect their manager to just magically know how to manage them, and they complain if their boss gets it wrong. You can just tell people though - say "I'd like to give you some feedback that will help us work better together..." and explain what it is that you find annoying. If your boss isn't a dick they'll take this onboard and change.
Everyone should learn to give better feedback. It's one of the things that separates a mediocre team from an awesome one - people actually trying to work together better.
Please consider having fun with it or getting promoted over him.
Now you're learning why.
If your boss wants to be king of a shithole with his behaviour, he will be the only person in the company or the company will fire him.
Life is too short to deal with people who are disrespectful to your expertise and think they either know better than you, condescending, manipulative or are passive aggressive.
If you leave the company and tell others how bad the boss is, they might follow you in leaving as well.