There is now $1.5b/yr in federal funding for PFAS removal from water supplies [2].
There is a $10-12b 3M PFAS settlement approved 2024-04-01 with hundreds of municipal water supply plaintiffs. There is a $1.2b DuPont/Dow PFAS settlement also with hundreds of drinking water provider plaintiffs. [1]
PFAS and microplastics and Nitrogen and Oxygen are in rainwater, which plants prefer. Crops don't need tap water levels of e.g. chlorine or fluoride, which damage the soil microbiome.
Municipal, commercial, residential, and farm to table customers need solutions for SDG6: Clean Water;
What are the low-cost and gold-standard sensors for water quality? And,
What are the most cost efficient methods for removing PFAS and microplastics from water supplies, ground water, well water, tap water, sea water, and hobbyist rainwater collection systems?
[1] https://apnews.com/article/pfas-drinking-water-settlement-3m-fa41cadfe0d65b9723377a681df43af1
[2] "Biden-Harris Administration Finalizes First-Ever National Drinking Water Standard to Protect 100M People from PFAS Pollution" https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/biden-harris-administration-finalizes-first-ever-national-drinking-water-standard
This is a good overview; Sustainable, Decentralized Sanitation and Reuse with Hybrid Nature-Based Systems https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/11/1583?utm_campaign=relea...
/? pfas method: https://www.google.com/search?q=pfas+method
"PFAS Treatment in Drinking Water and Wastewater – State of the Science" https://www.epa.gov/research-states/pfas-treatment-drinking-... :
> It is currently known that three treatment processes can be effective for PFAS removal: granular activated carbon, ion exchange resins, and high-pressure membrane systems
/?gscholar PFAS removal method + review: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=pfas+removal+method+rev...
Click "Cited by 131" to find Citations of e.g "Comparison of currently available PFAS remediation technologies in water: A review" (2021) https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=1170583541201234310...
/?hnlog https://westurner.github.io/hnlog/ Ctrl-F: water, CleanWater, SDG6
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39731290 :
> "Desalination system could produce freshwater that is cheaper than tap water" (2023) : "Extreme salt-resisting multistage solar distilation with thermohaline convection" (2023) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39507692
But does that also filter PFAS or microplastics?
"/?hn PFAS methods" found Magnetic and TODO removal approaches that aren't yet acknowledged by EPA for the purpose, but could be more sustainable and cost-effective.
> [2] "Biden-Harris Administration Finalizes First-Ever National Drinking Water Standard to Protect 100M People from PFAS Pollution" https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/biden-harris-administration...
SDG6: Clean Water: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6
Do any of the solar+water products that sterilize and/or filter the water handle PFAS already?
Some types of under-sink water treatment systems already remove most PFAS.
If the user doesn't replace the filters what should it do?
FWIU reverse osmosis (RO) is a high-pressure membrane method that wastes water, but doesn't require replaceable filters?