Javascript does not get compiled to an executable. It gets interpreted from source, or (more likely) just-in-time compiled into bytecode, which then gets executed by a runtime -- the Javascript interpreter in a browser, or Node.js on a server.
Python, Ruby, PHP, and numerous other languages are called interpreted because they require an interpreter and runtime libraries to execute. C, C++, Pascal, Go, Rust get compiled to executable binaries.
I can't think of any reason Javascript can't get compiled to a binary, or translated to C or C++, but that's not how Javascript generally gets executed and deployed.
There are tools which can be run in same developer environment that javascript is run in which can be used to translate javascript into compilable C/C++ code (perhaps also adding/including the step of compilation of c/c++ code into runable binary)
Typically, a vm which directly interprets/runs javascript is used in place of the transpile steps (change javascript into c/c++ source code / compile source / run source)