In particular, Ruby allows adding methods to any object (like Smalltalk). For example you can add methods to integers and write FizzBuzz where:
3.fizzBuzz
outputs 'Fizz' and 15.fizzBuzz
outputs 'FizzBuzz.'Internally, Ruby on Rails uses this aspect of Ruby to modify the builtin MethodMissing method with whatever code needs to be added to make it behave the way you expect.
While it is theoretically possible to do the same thing in any Turing complete language, it is very difficult in most others. Including EcmaScript/Javascript/Node. This doesn't mean you can't have a very useful web framework in these other languages. They can even be highly opinionated. But that opinion can't be equivalent to the opinion underlying Rails.
Using Ruby on Rails is the best way to get the power of Ruby on Rails...if you can of course. Maybe your boss insists on Node, .Net, or Larvel. Good luck.