How does science relate to global warming?

1. Yes, but due of not fully understood behaviours some regions get temporaly colder.

2. Yes and yes. Humans invade regions with wild animals that have yet unknown diseases, the regional climate changes(regions where rainforest was burned of now are on the verge to drying out).

3. The land where the 9 billion people can eat and drink from the land they are living on gets smaller, so people fight over it or flee to escape this to regions where it is still relativly safe. That includes the region you are currently living at. I don't have much information about you to fully answer it, so you have to think what you do with the information.

4. Yes, if you look at ice that is thousands of years old, you can calculate the amount of co² in the air. And that has been emitted since roughly at the start of the industrilization of humanity. The mean temperature has been risen since then.

5. Co² emission is the biggest factor we can influence. Once its in the air it stays a long time.

6. In the long term: yes, in short term: no. This graphic shows it better: https://xkcd.com/1732/

The wretchedly-named "global warming" does feature global-average temperatures going up. Which is useful if you happen to be a professional climatologist, who is looking at global temperature data and/or computer models of the global climate, and trying to describe a boatload of complex changes in a couple words. Or if you're a climate-change zealot (on either side), who needs a short & simple phrase to use as a noun in his rants.

Otherwise...well, yes, lots of climate- and ecosystem-related things are changing. But both human history and the paleoclimatologists (who measure old tree rings & look at annual snow layers in long cores drilled out of glaciers & classify ancient pollen grains in lake-bottom sediments & such) say that climate- and ecosystem-related stuff has always been changing. Whether you have a fancy computer crunching equations...or just notice how past climate changes could be caused by stuff like Krakatoa exploding (which blew umpteen zillion tons of volcanic crap into the atmosphere) - it's pretty obvious that humans pouring boatloads of CO2 & other junk into the air could pretty quickly change the climate a lot.

Human history is quite clear about climate change usually being bad for humans. Crops fail, wells dry up, livestock dies, and so do a whole lot of people. Hungry empires often crumble, wars are fought, etc. The fact that things did get better for some other people, in some other parts of the world, was seldom more than a token offset for all the bad stuff.

What does this have to do with your life and money? Culture wars (and empathy for victims) aside, that depends on where you live, where your money comes from, and how much of the latter you have. But notice - in our globally-interconnected modern world, bad things can have bad effects very far away. Ukraine getting invaded was enough to cause dire food shortages for millions of poor people, thousands of miles distant.

(The XKCD that stop50 linked is a decent answer to the CO2 question. Or - "No instant change, but the future will progressively get less bad.")