Why is JavaScript fast than C++ for simple calculations?

Just for fun, like for playing around, I tried improving a simple algorithm to find prime numbers in Python.

I was able to improve the speed from 6 seconds with a simple algorithm to 33 milliseconds with a more improved algorithm (looking for all primes up to 50k here, a more detailed description can be found there [1][2], this is the simple "algorith" - not much surprising:

    def isPrime(number):
        for i in range(2, number):
    
            if (number % i) == 0:
                return False
        
        return True

So I tried the same for JavaScript. The simple algorithm took 212 milliseconds, the improved one finished after 3 milliseconds.

So I wondered, what else can I test? I increased the upper bounds to 100 Mio. JavaScript took around 40 seconds. Using Cything I was able improve the running time to 70 seconds.

And I also tried Rust and C++ (disclaimer: I'm not a Rust or C++ developer!)

Rust was a desaster, I had to stop it after 5 Minutes. The first compiliation for C++ leads to a algorithm that tooks 70 seconds - almost double the time as JavaScript! After a little research I found out, that I can tune the compiling a little, which leads to a running time of 40 seconds.

So, still I wonder, in simple words: How can JavaScript be as fast as C++? (which probably only applies to simple mathmatics...)

[1] https://nickyreinert.medium.com/how-to-find-prime-numbers-fast-8d0f7e8bd80f

[2] https://nickyreinert.medium.com/javascript-how-to-find-prime-numbers-fast-cbcf6bd62e3d