Seems like there must be some good memoirs out there that aren't just self-help management books.
And I just went downstairs to my library and found "The Manager's Path" by Camille Fournier. I read the first several chapters and found them reasonable. And I just rememebered I wanted to read the last couple chapters. The ones in the middle are less to do with my situation, but I'll probably read them eventually. Fournier includes a chapter on "what you should expect from a manager," which I thought was a good twist. I found it worthwhile.
Oh, and in The Soul of A New Machine itself, the "responsible adult" is the engineering manager.
And for far more recent and startup-y stuff, there is Founders at work and European Founders at Work