The ability to use a single standard library for UTF-8 strings, to parse JSON, compress/decompress gzip streams, and to serve a basic HTTP server, for instance, would be golden. And if, for instance, a standard library were to unite around common, analogous structures to Go's io.Reader/io.Writer, contexts, etc. there is much that could be gained at comparatively little cost.
* Store all of its data as a void*, which is bad practice
* Implement the data structure for all primitive types, which wouldn't exactly help you if you wanted to start using them on custom structs
So you can find plenty of libraries implementing common data structures and algorithms, but they'll all require some kind of integration with your code
C++ has a much more robust container library (STL - Standard Template Library), with things like std::map, std::vector, std::string, std::stack, std::queue, and a variety of algorithms and functions in the