Right now I think an Air with 16GB RAM should be fine for all of my workflows. I might occasionally do something CPU intensive enough that it will throttle temporarily, but 99% of the time I'd expect performance to be comparable to that of the Pro.
However, in 2-3 year time I don't really know what I'm going to be doing – I could be working on a project that requires a lot more CPU. I also know that even if my workflow is roughly the same the same software in 3 years is going to demand more resources so every year the thermal bottlenecks of the Air is likely going to become more problematic.
So while the Air might be fine as a dev machine today, I'd worry in 3 years I'll regret the decision because my machine is now constantly thermal throttling. Plus, given the base Pro comes with 16gb, a faster SSD and slightly faster CPU (even when it isn't being throttled), I'm not sure the slight amount of money you'd save on a 16gb / 24gb Air is worth it...
I think the only reason to get the Air is as a dev is if the form factor of the Pro is a deal breaker.
24GB RAM is really more than enough for everyday use, if I want to run anything that needs more RAM I usually just spin up a cloud machine
For web development, it's more than powerful enough for anything I need (Python/Django/PostgreSQL work).
I'd probably be annoyed if doing anything CPU intensive (e.g. compiling C++ all day, ML, etc). Memory has never been a limiting factor as I don't run VMs.
Note: Native apple silicon apps are a must as they startup and run significantly faster. It’s especially noticeable in vscode.
I loved my previous macbook air and had used it for almost 10 years. This time, I have decided to buy the maxed out version, if it cat last for another 10 years, it is worth the money.
I use it for rust/frontend dev.