2. If you do; how do you run it and where do you run it from?
3. How do you pass configuration to the binary/service?
4. How do you setup services that your binary/service depends on?
5. How do you run debugging loops? Print statements? Debuggers?
I have a pretty simple setup where I use an IDE to run tests but to run the binary I use my terminal. For debugging I usually use the debugger built into the IDE. Back when I wrote CPP I used gdb but I do prefer the visual debuggers that Jetbrains ships their IDEs with.
2. Sometimes the run button of the IDE, sometimes the command line
3. Database connection parameters, API keys and such go in a .dotfile; parameters that might change from run to run usually go in command line argument; special flags for debugging go in environment variables
4. Usually I've got a database (pgsql, arangodb) running as a "service" in the operating system on the local machine. In one case I start up an antivirus server that one application needs.