All economic growth depends ultimately on energy. If that energy is too costly, you can't compete. If you can't compete you can't sell. If you have no money coming in, you can't progress. That way lies unavoidable decline and then decay.
Don't play catch-up in a highly competitive space. Create novel, relatively uncontested areas to work on.
Overcome the comparatively risk averse investment environment. Both the US and China have lots of venture capitalists with substantial invested funds.