The link above mentions Petzold's book[2], and from what I've seen on Reddit, consensus is that the 5th edition is still the best to pick up, even though it was published 25 years ago. However, it is clear that Windows frameworks and development tools have changed significantly in the intervening years. There's a plethora of UI frameworks using at least 3 languages: Win32, WinForms, WPF, WinRT, WinUI 3, MAUI, and MFC, in C, C++, and C#. I don't know which to choose, where to start, and why.
I'm also interested in diving deeper into the Windows architecture as a whole, as well as the driver model, the NT kernel, and Windows 'syscalls', in a manner similar to The Linux Programming Interface[3] or Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment[4].
Finally, there's the matter of scripting and automating Windows; I know PowerShell is recommended.
I am hoping to write modern, fast, responsive, and native (i.e. HiDPI & HDR-aware) programs for Windows; my current experience is mostly command-line cross-platform C++20 and a bit of .NET 6, as well as C using Linux APIs.
[1]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34680345
[2]: https://www.charlespetzold.com/pw5/
[3]: https://man7.org/tlpi/
[4]: http://www.apuebook.com/apue3e.html
Mark Rusniovich's book Windows Internals is the one you want to understand architecture and kernel. Also, sysinternal tools.
For development, don't look at anything else but .NET 7+, since its FOSS, performant and cross platform. C# is also beutiful language.
For GUI, use MAUI, its the state of the art GUI framework that united all of the others U mention.
Use Windows Sandbox for testing, OTB virtual machine for single time use, and Docker Desktop for other stuff. Take a look at Sandboxie too.
Use package manager, winget, obviously, don't install anything else by hand.
Good luck, Windows is now enitrelly different beast then what you learned before
Going back to a 20+ year old book seems like a bad idea when it comes to something like Windows development.