Would a theranos-style device be possible using recent AI breakthroughs?

No. Clever AI algorithms cannot manufacture signal out of noise. The fundamental problem is that the Theranos device relied on small samples containing only a few drops of capillary blood mixed with interstitial fluid extracted from just under the skin. Those samples are not representative of arterial blood.

Such devices can work well enough for certain assays that only look for positive / negative results like antibody screening. That's known chemistry and doesn't require any AI.

As others have said, no, because what they wanted to do was not physically possible.

But what part of recent AI breakthroughs would plausibly be able to help improve an ultra low volume blood test anyway? A more life-like chatbot? Being able to draw a picture based on a description? What possible connection is there? We're right back to peak AI hype again where people just completely imaging stuff and assume that AI is the answer, without the slightest understanding of what it actually is

(Edit: given the bio of the poster, I'm even more confused about why they asked this question)

Not sure about the bio stuff, but AI could be used very effectively to modulate a woman's voice so that it sounds deeper and more manly. This would allow a company to raise more venture capital.

What is this device you're talking about?