HACKER Q&A
📣 apatheticonion

Why isn't radiation used to sterilize raw foods (like sashimi, eggs)?


In an effort to avoid food poisoning from the more persistent pathogens (like salmonella, e.coli, and other such stomach-acid-surviving bugs), why aren't short bursts of radiation used to sterilize raw foods?

We go to great lengths to ensure a safe food supply, like processors washing chicken in bleach, washing eggs and massive doses of antibiotics. Despite these efforts, outbreaks are not uncommon. Even vegetables like bean sprouts and onions are commonly associated with outbreaks.

Made me wonder, why don't we just blast food with a short burst of radiation before/after packing?

Or if it is used, why isn't it more common?


  👤 retrac Accepted Answer ✓
It is used, particularly with spices and fresh fruit, but sporadically for all kinds of food. As for why it's not universal:

There are some concerns about radiochemical effects, mostly regarding nutritional degradation, with extremely high doses such as might be used to sterilize raw meat for storage at room temperature.

While I can't source this now that I'm looking for it, I vaguely recall reading a survey about food irradiation acceptance; about half the respondents thought that irradiating food made it radioactive. There's much public apprehension, and confusion, with anything involving the word radation.

Similarly with public acceptance, one of the biggest reasons to use it would be to reduce the need for refrigeration. But consumer preference and familiarity makes it difficult to accept things like dairy that isn't refrigerated. UHT milk is available in my country but almost unknown. Even the UHT milk is sold refrigerated! I've suggested it to others before, such as for lack of refrigeration when camping. The reaction was ew, is that safe? Doesn't it need to be refrigerated? Hard to overcome that.


👤 TheRealPomax
Because as much as the ads yell about disinfecting, very little actually needs disinfecting in order to be safe for you.

And of course eggs are their own special story. They already come with a protective coating. The US and Canada just washes it off, actually making the eggs _less_ safe, necessitating refrigeration.


👤 xilinx_guy
High energy radiation breaks organic bonds all over the place, resulting in changes in color, taste, and nutrition, not to mention carcinogenic tendencies.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5820857/


👤 pubby


👤 spicymaki
Many people think GMOs, Bluetooth and 5G causes cancer no matter how much evidence you provide that it doesn't. It is unlikely they will accept irradiation even if it means a less healthy food supply.

👤 chime
It's not as much of a benefit as one might think because the debris will still remain in the food. Gamma rays will kill the bacteria but not remove their remnants, which can cause other issues.

👤 jareklupinski
I agree and I think we should be moving towards using this in the future.

As for why it's not happening today, with all the news about that one little vial of cesium that's gone missing lately... I can't imagine a nuclear regulatory agency being comfortable with letting every single farm receive shipments of radioactive material.

Not until we have some sort of GPS+Satcom method of tracking these vials point-to-point.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_irradiation - "As for transportation of the radiation source, cobalt-60 is transported in special trucks that prevent release of radiation and meet standards mentioned in the Regulations for Safe Transport of Radioactive Materials of the International Atomic Energy Act."


👤 mrlonglong
Too dangerous, there have been incidents where people have overridden safety protocols and crawled into the "hot" space to fix issues and got themselves irradiated, usually with lethal results.

👤 oshirisuki
just speculation on my part (and an opinion, I don't know about you, but even if someone says it's safe to eat irradiated food, I would strongly prefer not to eat it)

I would imagine is difficult to avoid irradiating other things while in the process of irradiating food, also NIMBY probably? I don't think the FDA is trustworthy enough for everyone, so even if they say that it's safe, I think many people would prefer non-irradiated food, to the point of it not being worth it for companies to irradiate it


👤 crgwbr
Radiation is frequently used to sterilize raw foods. It’s generally in the infrared band, and the process is called “cooking.” :)

👤 BerislavLopac
> processors washing chicken in bleach, washing eggs and massive doses of antibiotics

That's very much a US-only thing; in many (most?) other countries there are regulations about raising livestock that make this unnecessary and even (like the antibiotics) illegal.


👤 giantg2
Something I haven't seen mentioned yet... I am guessing that common exposure to relatively innocent pathogens provides some immune system benefit. The outbreaks of the more serious stuff makes the news because it's so rare.

👤 pvaldes
You are taking the point of view of the final user, but would be better to focus in the process.

Food workers will manipulate thousands of Kg of food each month. Even small doses of radiation from each one those packages would accumulate over time in this people, reaching a safety threshold. Radiation would be a logistic nightmare for the packaging company, requiring extensive periods of forced "holidays", healthcare checks and stopping the chain.

Plus the terrible publicity


👤 onion2k
Having sources of strongly radioactive material around public places like food factories would be a little dangerous.

👤 mensetmanusman
It affects the chemical structure of the food through cross linking.

👤 samwestdev
Wouldn't UV Light suffice?