Probability Theory: The Logic of Science by E.T. Jaynes.
I just love it for the writing and the way it teaches probability. I haven't encountered any book in probability that is like this book. Every other book I have encountered are just axiom listing behemoths. This book have strengthened my understanding of probability.
Does any book come to your mind along these lines? Books that stop being pedantic where needed to first convey the topic to the reader. Then they worry about rigor.
1. Books by VI Arnold. To get a sense of his style, see https://www.uni-muenster.de/Physik.TP/~munsteg/arnold.html
2. Visual Complex Analysis by Tristan Needham is an absolute treat in visual intution.
3. The road to reality by Roger Penrose. This is an absolute masterpiece building up to cutting edge physics and all the necessary math from scratch. Reading the whole thing is probably a long-term project for most readers, but it can easily be read in chunks, and is an absolutely pleasurable experience (with most of the conceptual substance of a textbook, but without the dry rigor) and a fascinating taste of what/how Penrose sees.
4. From Mathematics to Generic Programming by Alex Stepanov. I've read only small bits from Stepanov, but I'm really looking forward to reading the whole book.
Tristan Needham: Visual Complex Analysis (https://www.maa.org/press/maa-reviews/visual-complex-analysi...)
Tristan Needham: Visual Differential Geometry and Forms (https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691203706/vi...)
Similarly, Proofs from THE BOOK, by Aigner and Ziegler presents some interesting subject matter (short, elegant, and instructive proofs) all in one volume that you'd have to comb through large amounts of mathematical literature to encounter otherwise. The results themselves should be mostly familiar to any grad student or advanced undergrad in mathematics, but the proofs are sure to amuse as well as enlighten. The one unfortunate thing about this book is that the last edition was published almost 25 years ago.
There are two lists [1][2], one by Mark Saroufim, another one by Susan Rigetti that I have been following for quite some time now and intend to follow for the next months and years.
[1]: https://marksaroufim.medium.com/technical-books-i-%EF%B8%8F-...
The book is worth a peek just for this one chapter: https://calculusmadeeasy.org/1.html
By Harold Abelson
https://direct.mit.edu/books/book/4663/Turtle-GeometryThe-Co...
Gets to Curved Space-Time by chapter 9.
It’s a classic in the field(s). Available as free pdf. Sets an example for how technical books should be written.
Basic Algebra
Basic Real Analysis
Stokes's Theorem and Whitney Manifolds
Advanced Algebra
Advanced Real Analysis
All freely available from http://www.math.stonybrook.edu/~aknapp/download.html
Numerical Methods for Scientists and Engineers (1962)
Introduction To Applied Numerical Analysis (1971)
Digital Filters (1977)
Methods of Mathematics Applied to Calculus, Probability, and Statistics (1985)
"Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers: Asymptotic Methods and Perturbation Theory" by Bender and Orszag.
I'm not sure if they meet your definition of being well-written exactly as you say above, but these are extremely well-written math books.
This isn't a math book, but I was also a big fan of "Vector Quantization and Signal Compression" by Gersho and Gray.
Since you've already got Jaynes: David Mackay's inference book is also a good: http://www.inference.org.uk/itila/ even if not quite pure maths.
Garrity's "All the Math You Missed". Brings you up to speed fast, and has great references.
1. Winning Ways for Your Mathematical Plays
2. A Singular Mathematical Promenade, available for free online: https://perso.ens-lyon.fr/ghys/promenade/
There are many other math books I really like - over the years I've collected a long list of reading recommendations: https://notzeb.com/rec.html (most of them won't fit as answers to this question)
He really takes the time to explain concepts clearly and unlike any other math book I've read, he proves certain ideas graphically and considers it good enough, without having to write out formal and stuffy sounding proofs
I'm also currently going through Applied Partial Differential Equations by Haberman. He explains the heat and wave equation from scratch and really makes a great effort to build up the complexity instead of just dumping it all in your lap.
How to Solve it by George Polya (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_to_Solve_It)
https://cdn.preterhuman.net/texts/math/Mathematics%20-%20An%...
A masterpiece that formalizes all of the handway bits you learned in physics. Will change your perspective forever.
Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics Herbert B. Callen
The only book that actually taught me thermo. Everything else was just confusing garbage.
If it wasn't because it's a text introducing a somewhat niche approach to quantum mechanics that didn't gain broad traction, this book would totally have been the Kernighan & Ritchie of quantum mechanics.
> Does any book come to your mind along these lines? Books that stop being pedantic where needed to first convey the topic to the reader.
Mathematics books by physicists tend to be just that.
A dry topic - but the authors manage to convey their enthusiasm and make a lot of effort to pick up the uninitiated
Lots of background and historical references
Cant recommend it enough, made me able to skip class in high school for about a year while still passing the tests with ease. (bad life hack ig)
* Precalculus Mathematics in a Nutshell: Geometry, Algebra, Trigonometry by George Simmons - Not a word wasted in less than 150 pages.
* Functions and Graphs by I.M.Gelfand et.al. - A must read (again, less than 150 pages) to build graphical intuition.
By William Feller, written in 1968 but feels very fresh even today.
- Infinite Powers and The Joy of X by Steven Strogatz
- Godel, Escher, Bach by Hofstadter
(Avoiding text books as one's mileage might vary, and having fun depends on the readers' levels as well.)
Also, James Gleick's Chaos is a classic, as is the big original beast, Gödel Escher Bach by Douglas Hofstadter.