Let's not confuse anonymity vs privacy vs tin-foil hat level paranoid. I'm hoping to have some conversation going here on the various levels of privacy and steps folks at HN take to increase their privacy online. If you don't take steps -- then what are your reasonings why? (Beyond the staple excuse of "I have nothing to hide").
I understand defining your threat model, and I don't think most of us have a specific threat model more than being your average technophile would.
### Applications, Operating Systems
Do you run specific browsers, and why? Do you have specific applications that you use to protect your privacy? Do you engage in any kind of hardening?
Do you run any specific kind of operating system (say, Windows, Mac, etc) and why? Does it matter to you personally whether you are tracked?
### Online Storage
For example, do you store files on cloud storage as-is? If so, what kind of criteria do you have for that? Do you encrypt all files before they go anywhere? Does AES128 or AES256 encryption provide reasonable protections?
### Social Media
Do you avoid or block social media? If so or if not, why?
It's easy to think "I have nothing to hide", but that's not what I mean. A better analogy is risk analysis/attack surface area you expect. The privacy requirements of someone doing investigative journalism are wildly different from a regular joe who only needs to worry about targeted ads.
I'm generally in that bucket, where my only real privacy concern is ads, and I'm ok with tailored ads... Especially since ad blockers remove over 95% of them anyway. And since I rarely buy stuff.
I take significant steps for security (yubikeys, password managers etc.), and mental health (regular social media breaks and such). But "privacy" is too vague a word without a risk assessment.
I use a VPN because I don't trust my ISP.
I use LineageOS with microG because I don't trust the phone manufacturer and Google to not track me.
I use Linux coz fuck Windows. Hardened with secureboot and FDE with TPM.
I use ungoogled chromium with uBlock and NoScript.
I also selfhost most of the services that I can replace with FOSS alternatives. Can be a PITA maintaining them at times but I sleep happy at night knowing my data is not on some Google(-like) farm. E.g For Youtube I do make use of public invidious instances etc.
Any app (on phone and PC) that doesn't need internet permissions (or any other unnecessary permissions) has them toggled off. Flatpaks and flatseal makes this so easy on Linux.
Any social media app that works well as a PWA is not installed. And if needed on my phone, it's installed into the secondary work profile where it can't read my files/contacts/etc.
All data I consider private is encrypted at-rest. Same is routinely backed up to different cloud storage providers.
Any account that I consider important has 2FA behind it. Most accounts I just use disposable emails to register.
Ads are all effectively blocked on the devices I use courtesy of dns filtering.
On the other hand, I mostly work on open source software, so all my work is publicly available in timestamped commits. It is easy for anyone to guess my working hours, timezone, and time off. And all the comments I write can tell you a lot about my views of the world.
I think the privacy impact of open source is not talked about enough.
I use ad/tracking blockers, but having worked in this space, they don't/can't exactly offer complete privacy.
Beyond that, I think about the biggest risks and try to tackle them: It's for example pretty easy to send someone a link and as soon as they click on it you know roughly where they live. Any information about where you typically hang out, what you do and what your kids look like stays off social media - it's pretty easy to be stalked with just a hand full of these signals, if someone really wants to.
I don't feel I have much to hide, like others here, but you never know when someone decides to have a personal vendetta against you or something. Can't make it impossible to be stalked, but I can make it difficult enough for people to not bother. I think about it the same way as I think about securing my residence, really.
Some concrete stuff I use:
- Personal NAS and server for files/photos (Syncthing works great for me)
- Ad/tracking blocker (it's usually a matter of the lists, so just one extension)
- Firefox (I have some background with Mozilla so I personally trust them more than anyone)
- Caution / VPN for weird links
- No Gmail (I like FastMail, but there's a lot)
- No Amazon, e commerce is enough of a commodity
- Not using social media actively, not posting personal stuff
- Linux (PopOS and Ubuntu)
I have nothing to hide except of when I run Tor browser.
> Do you run any specific kind of operating system (say, Windows, Mac, etc) and why? Does it matter to you personally whether you are tracked?
I quit Windows since 7 became outdated because modern Window's tracking bothers me, not because of somebody gets informed about something I do not want to be known but because it messes me with using my device (I have to decide when to update, when to reboot and when to change some settings, not a vendor). Debian may have some pesky settings which make OS leaking some data about me, but at least it doesn't bother me when I am trying to use my computer.
> For example, do you store files on cloud storage as-is?
No, because upload is always easy and download is always hard. A lot of HDDs works great for me.
> Do you avoid or block social media? If so or if not, why?
I do not find any of these interesting except of Youtube. And I try avoid using it too much because torrents have better video and not video content.
I mostly use OpenBSD these days, but any security is a bonus. I mostly do it for the minimalism. The pledge and unveil stuff built into the browsers is nice.
I have at this point dumped pretty much everything but self curated Reddit and HN, not just for privacy but for general sanity as well... That is also mostly the reason that I keep my phone (which is dumb anyway) turned off unless I need to use it.
Don't put your real name or face on the Internet. Don't tell specifics of your life to strangers on the Internet.
That's about it.
Oh, and I always say "ask app not to track" when iOS asks :)
I also use different nicknames for different contexts so my personal and semi-professional accounts can't be trivially linked.
- Use Linux
- Encrypt files
- Use signals
- Use Android without a google account or a play store
- Use google products as little as possible
- No whatsapp, no Insta, no FB
- Use pcloud encrypted solution for online storage
But even with all that, I'm pretty sure the impact is limited, real privacy would require a lot more. Not to mention banking, power companies and so on are going to sell your data no matter what.
Besides, most people would not even do 10% of this. Not even switch to FF.
And if they are transparent and knows you, they give a lot of data on you anyway.
It's a battle we are loosing.
I won't lose access to my data if a company shuts down, or if some bad actor decides to maliciously send child pornography to my email and get my whole Apple/Google account cancelled (with no easy support for getting it back)
All in all, being able to export (data portability) comes first and foremost, regardless if it's not the most privacy-friendly program. If I can self-host it? All the better.
- only using my own cloud (NAS, Home Automation)
- heavily filtering internet (Pi-Hole or AdGuard + ublock when possible)
- no public social media (FB, Twitter, discord, whatever)
- Only throwaway accounts on some social media
- Not having a real phone number
- Using rented throwaway phone numbers when necessary
- Only use credit card for a few trusted services.
- Avoid services with questionable business practice (Forced 2fa over SMS being one common reason) but also things like Amazon, Microsoft, ..
Encrypted cloud storage is fine but it's simply not convenient and sadly lacks good usability.
If you don't trust your ISP, use a VPN. Ideally a VPN you have full control over.
Social media needs and deserves to be handled separately from the rest of your life. Firefox Containers are one way for handling this. Or use Qubes if you deeply worry about advanced attacks.
Finally, use a different e-mail for each site you register for. This can be transparently automated using Firefox Relay or Apple's Hide My Email.
Of course, everything above are what I consider lightweight protections. There are heavier measures. Whatever you do, it's important to be clear about _who_ you want to keep your data private from. Because that entity may have more than way to gain access to your data. There is no such thing as absolute privacy in the virtual or physical world.
- Fastmail (block images in email, which are often used for tracking)
- Privacy.com
1Password integrates with both of the above, so that any time I sign up for a new service it will get a random, unique email from Fastmail (masked email), a unique credit card from privacy.com, and I use 1Password to generate not only a unique, strong password but also a unique username (hence my current username here, squeegee_scream).
- sync.com for online storage. it's e2ee
- MFA everywhere it's available
- 1Blocker
- nextdns
- use privacy-respecting alternative frontends:
- use invidious instead of youtube
- libreddit or teddit instead of reddit
- nitter instead of twitter
- macos, following https://github.com/drduh/macOS-Security-and-Privacy-Guide for hardening (I haven't compared this to other hardening guides, but doing something is better than nothing)- rotate my usernames on social sites on a regular basis. I'm really only active on reddit and HN, but I'm still concerned about being doxxed
- avoid buying things from amazon
- Signal app for communication as often as possible
First I set out a threat model, which allows me to switch context depending on level of opsec needed. (Do I really need a disposable VM in Qubes just to read a PDF document versus opening it in Google Docs, for example).
Then any number of tools and best practices from these fine websites:
https://www.privacyguides.org/
Any steps I take to preserve my privacy are negated by my inactions of years past, the current actions of my friends and family, and the actions of my government
That said…
I use an adblocker because it makes the browsing experience better and I use Firefox because it makes me feel better about browsing the internet.
I’m in the apple ecosystem which makes me feel slightly more private and occasionally use signal to have certain conversations with certain people
Of course at the end of the day I know whatever I do doesn’t really matter and the worst thing that could happen is I get more targeted ads.
Sure, I could get targeted by the government should it turn evil, but I don’t believe that online privacy would prevent that from happening anyways. I’m just not that interesting of a person so I take solace in that.
Now that I’m writing this.. I’m non religious and I believe in the right to own firearms. These opinions could make me a target or make me more interesting to an evil government. I guess I just hope the checks and balances we have are enough.
- On the phone, besides a similar setup for the browser, I run LineageOS+microg, AdAway (system-wide ad-block), AfWall on allow mode (block internet access for all apps except whitelisted), and XPrivacyLua (fakes permissions for apps which refuse to run without them). Absolutely NO google apps whatsoever.
- Social media I mostly don't do, for my privacy but also for my sanity x)
- Email I use ProtonMail, storage I use my NAS (not ideal, I know, need offsite backup)
My browsers block connections to trackers and 3rd party cookies. Sometimes scripts too, for good measure, and some selected stuff from user.js (https://github.com/arkenfox/user.js). Separate profiles for each service just to make really sure important stuff doesn't get affected by casual browsing, and vice versa.
No google- or apple- owned phone. Phoning home from the PC is also at minimum - just Firefox does it and the package manager.
It's not total privacy because for some interactions you want to share your details, like payment info, but what I get is that I know where I pierce the boundary.
I have two browsers, Firefox and Chrome. On Firefox I run add blocker, on Chrome I don't run it. Why? My job requires sometimes to help marketing team and if you block adds you don't see the whole picture or our and competitors activity.
I don't encrypt files before upload. Why? I'm not sure how to do it and my biggest fear is what if my encryption key stops working. I got locked out my Windows because I run a system update and I didn't disable bit locker before that. So I had to go through recovery procedure.
I use Twitter and LinkedIn. I'm not very social on social media. I don't create content.
- NextDNS configured to block ads, trackers and unnecessary domains (including all Facebook domains) across my home network and mobile devices
- Use multiple browsers on desktop and mobile, all configured with privacy settings, to keep Google-related tasks separate, i.e. use Chrome only for Google stuff, Bromite/Vivaldi/Firefox for everything else.
- Use uBlock Origin on all my desktop browsers.
- Sticking with Windows 10 for the time being. But highly configured to turn off telemetry and remove Microsoft's general crap they include in Windows.
- Been learning how to self-host stuff and slowly migrate apps and things to my server where possible.
That being said I do run ad&popup blockers for a better browsing experience. Those idiotic cookie prompts are the bane of web browsing inside the EU and I run the "I don't care about cookies" extension to get rid of them.
I also encrypt sensitive private folders on all my machines.
it’s interesting to observe firefox or any other legitimate app i’m using make many unsolicited requests to weird domains. it feels good to interactively deny those connections.
make sure that cloud[2], which includes git hosts[3], are untrusted. unencrypted data should never hit remote. keys should never leave local.
consider the tradeoffs with online interactions. engaging with other humans in public on github and hackernews is likely worth. engaging in impassioned op-ed debate with bots on engagement monetization platforms like twitter or youtube is likely not.
pay for things like kagi search. trading money for a product or service that improves your life is a good deal. no free lunch.
cover unused cameras with black stickers. ios faceid still works without a forward facing camera.
I also used Redacted to wipe my social media profiles clean. It was hard because I didn't want to delete the useful advice I wrote for others.
I reviewed the privacy settings of all the profiles I kept and turned off as much tracking as possible. I enforce the rest with browser extensions, and by staying logged out.
Doubles down as protection layer against electromagnetic damage.
Once I confirm this works, I will build living quarters equally protected at all sides. Protects the brain equally.
OS - Ubuntu everywhere
Online Storage - This is part of my selfhosting stack. My server is in my house (but accessible from internet), no need for at rest encryption.
Social Media - Not much apart from some reddit and HN. Never got into other things.
- Avoid cloud services
- Avoid services that require an account
- Avoid installing proprietary apps
- Use Free and open-source software (FOSS) if possible
There are of course always situations in which it is unavoidable to do one of those mentioned not-to-do things, but if you stick to those simple rules most of the time, you should be able to avoid the bulk of the undesirable stuff out there.
* Linux with Firefox, uBlockOrigin and whitelist of JS enabled sites, off by default.
* Network wide DNS blocklist
* OpenWRT on Router
* Multiple VLANs to isolate black boxes such as TV when I can't avoid it
* I self-host a lot of services
https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist
Credits: to HN homwpage post I saw months ago
OS/Applications:
- Linux on the desktop since 2007.
- I was using Firefox with uBlock, switched to Brave because I like the model: it lets users "vote with their wallets" (by collecting the rewards and giving back to content creators they like) while keeping their personal data out of reach from advertisers.
- Went through a series of Android phones that could be rooted, installing Lineage OS whenever possible. I'm now on /e/OS, and I use only the apps that are available on F-Droid. I keep an old android around just for my banking app.
Online Storage:
- Avoid external cloud service at all costs. If the data is not on a server that I do not directly control, I treat it as a liability. No Google Drive, no Dropbox, no Spotify. Instead of being dependent on webapps, I prefer to sync my data between my machines with Syncthing and use the "proper" application to work/consume the data. I wrote more about it at https://raphael.lullis.net/thinking-heads-are-not-in-the-clo...
Social Media:
- Still using Twitter and reddit, but using libredirect. On mobile I browse through Fritter and Infinity for Reddit.
- Heavily encouraging anyone I can to switch away to the Fediverse. I may be biased though becuse I run a managed provider for Mastodon and Matrix (https://communick.com)
2. My countries openly shared my history with Government so I use VPN all the time.
3. Kagi search for privacy search.
4. Mozilla browsers with extensions.
5. Ente for Image storage
And ofc don't use much of social media
- Brave browser
Privacy by default
-- Brave Search / SearXNG
- Pi-hole
Block trackers and ads network wide
- ProtonVPN
I use this to route connections through z morf private country with stricter data laws like the GDPR for example.
- Gnu/Linux
A system that I can trust, and isn't motivated by stocks but rather value.
I won't say its perfect, its not, but it works for me.
- CalyxOS
I also run CalyxOS, a privacy focused OS that is actually usable, and supports SafetyNet, its a very normal experience, apart from the complications of using a work profile for closed source apps(which I'm thinking of removing because its just annoying).
Its of course very important to me not to get stalked by for profit companies.
Privacy is a human right.
### Online storage
I mainly use a local Nextcloud server for this.
The upload speeds are great because its local, and I'm working on backing it up to object storage like R2 or scaleway archive.
Another option is using privacy cloud like ProtonDrive or Mega.
### social media
I don't avoid it fully, and unlike others I personally think HN is a form of social media, maybe more accurately a social network.
I used to use Reddit a lot, but its honestly a crappy platform with tons of negativity and anything inevitability turns to NSFW.
I liked the tech communities on it, so I replaced it with HN.
I also use Twitter, which I think is(was) the best mainstream social media.
Probably gonna setup a mastodon account soon.
No other social media other than these.
Also, not using my public name everywhere. Where possible I use a random username.
- neovim
- linux
- dumb phone
- DeFi
For browsers, I use Firefox personally and Chrome for a few NPOs that use Google Workspace. Though I might switch back to Firefox for those, too. I use VMs to isolate the NPO stuff, and Chrome often crashes in a VM. I use VMs because my volunteer work is pretty heavy duty, technically; application adminstration, bookkeeping, etc. Lots of logins and accounts and what-no that I don't want to get mixed up with my personal stuff. My laptop runs Fedora. It used to be Debian, but some rando change they made set me off one day, and I quit it. It would be FreeBSD, because I'm nostalgic, but I can't find a decent laptop that works well with FreeBSD. I have a Yoga 6, which is almost there; just waiting on support for the Wi-Fi card, which is actually being worked on (yay!). I tried Qubes; it was neat, but the laptop is not beefy enough for it.
At home, I have two boxes running FreeBSD and a router running OpenWRT. The Ethernet and Wi-Fi networks are isolated, and I use Wireguard to connect to the boxes on the Ethernet network, even when I'm on the home Wi-Fi. This was more because I wanted a fun project, and also a bit of a convenience factor: I don't want to toggle Wireguard on my laptop or phone when I come and go. [Side-note: Thinking about this sent me down a rabbit hole, out of which I came with a better Wireguard setup. I had issues on the phone when changing networks, and realized it was DNS. So I fixed it, and now I don't have to restart the VPN when I change networks! Yay.]
I run Nextcloud on one of the BSD boxes; again, only accessible via Wireguard or Ethernet. I made it public once just to try out Nextcloud Social, but as much as I want to like the app, it's still a bit of a mess. I don't think is has even been updated to be compatible with the latest version of Nextcloud.
In addition to the machines at home, I have a low-rent VPS running Debian. It would run FreeBSD, too, but it was too much work to figure that out with that particular provider. It was also cheap enough that I didn't care ($23 a year or something). I use it to host my email, Postfix+Dovecot+Postgrey with regex aliases for unique email addresses for sign-ups, etc. Again, more fun project than paranoia. But honestly, I don't like giving random people my actual email address; even humans I know and like send me junk mail. I still have Gmail as a throwaway and because I have an Android phone, but I'm slowly moving things over to my other email address(es). I wouldn't mind switching to something like a Librem 5 or a Punkt MP02, but the convenience (not a requirement) of workplace apps keeps me on a mainstream smartphone.
As for storage, mostly Nextcloud. The laptop disk is encrypted, but I don't do disk encryption on the BSD boxes. I need them up and running automatically after a power outage when I'm away. The router also has some external storage, mostly for music and movies (via minidlna).
I try to stay away from too much social media. I quit Twitter before quitting Twitter was cool (long before Musk was even considering buying it). I quit Facebook before the pandemic, then rejoined during the pandemic. I figured if the world was ending, it wouldn't matter. Sadly, the world did not end. I'm planning my second exit from Facebook.
For me, privacy is less about what I need and more about, "why do you need this?" The answer is usually, "you don't." I will turn off location services for apps that don't need them. I once deleted my bank's mobile app, because it wouldn't let me log in without turning on location services. I get it, you probably want to show me where your branches are or something. Hey, guess what? I work for you, so I know where they are: Everywhere I don't live. I complained, "our competitors don't do this." They fixed it, and I downloaded it again once they stopped requiring location. I do similarly with other mobile apps; unless there is a clear need or convenience, baleted.
> ### Applications, Operating Systems
I mostly use Linux for reasons unrelated to tracking: I genuinely enjoy using it the most, since it just gets out of my way. The only thing that had a better OOB experience was my macbook pro. Windows annoys me to no end and doesn't fully support my bog-standard HP laptop (!). I still use it on my gaming PC, though. I used to like macOS, but it's becoming more and more windowsy, so I got back on Linux when it stopped supporting my aging MBP.
I don't do any particular hardening, apart from using OpenSnitch (which doesn't seem to catch anything interesting - but I use a basic system). My servers do use linux-hardened kernel and have a default deny firewall with containerized (lxc) everything, but it's more "because I can" and some are on the internet. My laptop runs linux-zen because I value responsiveness and figure it's secure enough.
I mostly use local applications, since I value comfort. For me, that means not having to wait around for a browser to load 1 GB of JS just to show me a list. But if there's no other option, I'll use online apps.
I use Firefox because I'm not comfortable with Google's push of accounts and whatnot on the browser. I also think it's important for there to be a diversity of browsers, and Firefox works well enough for my needs. I run UBO and uMatrix on it.
I use an iPhone because I find it gets out of my way. Android is sluggish, and the interface is janky. Moreover, my iPhone 7 works as good as when it was new, and still gets security updates (installed one yesterday). I'd be hard-pressed to find an equivalent Android phone. I don't care to change phones every other year.
I used to mess around with custom ROMs on my older Samsungs GSs, but I'm past that. To me, my phone is basically an appliance. Its most important feature is getting out of my way. I only have a few apps installed that weren't there in the default install. I sympathize with the people who are angry about not being able to install whatever they want. But I just don't need to do that, so I prioritize other factors much more, so the iphone comes out on top.
> ### Online Storage
I use paid GSuite (or whatever it's called now) for the email of my company. I chose it so I can use Google Drive for my backups, since it's the cheapest way to get email + storage (for the amount I require). I back up my photography to it via Arq, which encrypts it before sending. Other than that, I use a bog-standard Linux on a geriatric server as my file server. No XCloud distro or whatever, just Arch Linux + (encrypted) ZFS + Samba. I try to have all data encrypted at rest and move it around encrypted (wireguard).
I also try to avoid depending too much on my internet connection, so all my home automation (lights + temp sensors) are running locally on a Home Assistant VM. My lights are set up in such a way that I can still use them when all the computers and internet are down.
> ### Social Media
Don't block it. I don't avoid it, so much as I just don't care about it. I simply never got any use out of it. The longest I used TikTok was like 10 minutes when I saw an HN thread about how the algorithm learns and got curious. After the Nth half-naked dancing girl and people screaming at police (I'm not even in the US), I just got bored and deleted the app. Ditto for twitter / facebook / reddit: I'll go see a post if someone sends me a link, but I don't have the patience to "browse" them and never just open them up. The only social-media I regularly use is HN, because I find the content interesting.