HACKER Q&A
📣 _448

Where is the ARM desktop PC?


I was wondering, why ARM-based complete desktop PCs are not available. What are the blockers?


  👤 mort96 Accepted Answer ✓
Here's the ARM desktop PC: https://www.apple.com/mac-studio/

The rest of the industry seems fine with what AMD and Intel has at the moment, or incapable of making strong ARM-based competitors.


👤 spacedcowboy
I have a Mac studio. It’s awesome.

I run several “windows only” apps on it as well as native Mac apps. Parallels + Windows-for-arm + Microsoft’s x86 emulation isn’t as smooth as Rosetta 2, but it’s still very very usable.

Running Altium[1] as I type, with a reasonably complex PCB in design (8 layers, DDR3, FPGA, HDMI) and it’s indistinguishable from running on a high-end PC. Said PC has been powered down for several months now, I just haven’t felt the need to use it.

[1] https://www.altium.com/altium-designer/


👤 wongarsu
There's the Thinkpad X13s.

Technically a laptop and not a desktop PC, but the strengths of ARM are much more apparent in power and heat constrained mobile settings. As long as ARM hasn't even gained a solid foothold in laptops (outside Apple), what's the point of putting it in a form factor where it will be even less attractive.

https://www.lenovo.com/us/en/p/laptops/thinkpad/thinkpadx/th...


👤 adrian_b
An NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin Developer Kit can be used as a decent desktop PC, with 32 GB 256-bit LPDDR5, 12 Arm Cortex-A78 cores, a 2048 CUDA cores NVIDIA Ampere GPU, 10 Gb/s Ethernet and the other usual peripherals.

However, at $2000, it is very overpriced in comparison with a similar computer made with an Intel or AMD CPU.

In any case, this is far better than anything offered by Qualcomm and it is even better than most Apple offers at some of the features, e.g. the GPU.

For a ten times lower price, i.e. under $200, there are many desktop computers with Rockchip RK 3588 and 16 GB RAM, which have a quadruple Cortex-A76 CPU similar in performance with the Intel Jasper Lake CPUs and many times faster than Raspberry Pi or other computers using obsolete Arm cores.

As a professional, neither a Jasper Lake nor a Cortex-A76 based CPU would be acceptable for the daily work, but any such computer would be good enough for casual use, like Internet browsing, document editing or movie viewing.


👤 TradingPlaces
The holdup has been that Qualcomm and Microsoft had a deal that ARM Windows would only run on Qualcomm hardware. That ended in March, but Microsoft still seems to be holding to it. Evidence: they will still not let me buy a license for ARM Windows for a Mac Studio VM. I am using a “Developer’s Preview” that is identical to x86 Windows 11

So the holdup is that until Qualcomm bought Nuvia, their own designs were not good. The Surface Pro X sucked. The Nuvia-Snapdragons should be the turning point, but also ARM is suing Qualcomm over that so who knows.

More here on ARM v QCOM: https://seekingalpha.com/article/4541671-getting-chippy-arm-...


👤 rjsw
I have an ARM-based desktop PC next to me right now.

It contains an ATX motherboard [1] with a StrongARM SA110 CPU, NVIDIA NV1 graphics card, PCI network card, ATA hard disk. Mine runs NetBSD/cats.

[1] http://www.simtec.co.uk/products/boards.html


👤 mritzmann
I'm not sure I understand the question correctly. Apple has some on offer, doesn't it?

👤 dis-sys
I have a Huawei Kunpeng 920 based ARM desktop/workstation running Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. It has 8 cores running at 2.6GHz. Picked the processor + motherboard combo up online for $300 USD, added a WD SN640 7.68T SSD and 32GB DDR4 ECC RAM, connected to my home network with a Mellanox-4 40G NIC. 7z benchmark shows it has comparable multicore performance with a intel 6770 4 cores processor.

There are 24 cores Kunpeng 920 boards available at roughly the same price. The problem is those boards only have two PCI-E slots rather 3 slots on mine.

Really happy with the one I got, as it gives me an inexpensive platform for building & testing ARM64 software, it also give me the ability to install SSDs/NICs that won't be supported by a Mac.


👤 dmitriid
> why ARM-based complete desktop PCs are not available. What are the blockers?

Apple has shown what is possible with an ARM-based design, and everyone is now clamoring for M1/M2-level CPUs everywhere.

Somehow everyone forgot that it took Apple 15 or more years to get to M1/M2.

Their first custom CPU, the A4, appeared in 2010, and it takes anywhere from 4 to 6 years to design a new CPU. So it's quite likely Apple started designing their own CPUs... around the time they transitioned from PowerPC to Intel, since before the launch of the very first iPhone.

There. That is the answer to "why ARM-based complete desktop PCs are not available". You need to spend 15 years or more actually working on one, and the only people who have done it are Apple.


👤 sys_64738
I've been using one for 35 years.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acorn_Archimedes


👤 zeristor
Well there were the Archimedes machines a while back

👤 mhd
It's a game of definitons, but for a proper desktop PC, wouldn't you need a socketable CPU? Mainboard, CPU and probably GPU as separate units doesn't seem to be something the ARM world is aiming at. (Neither does Apple, but they've been blurring the lines between laptops and desktops for a long time)

👤 RobotToaster
I guess it depends on your definition of "PC".

I always thought, by definition, it had to be intel 8088 compatible to be a PC.


👤 ekianjo
There is the Pythium from China (it can even run games with an AMD GPU: https://boilingsteam.com/you-can-now-run-steam-games-with-pr...)

👤 tdsanchez
Seems to me Macs, Chromebooks, Raspberry Pis, iOS and Android devices are all based on ARM and easily available.

The argument that ARM based computers aren’t PC’s because they aren’t like x86 machines is self-fulfilling.


👤 kalleboo
I’d say the blocker is Windows and the nonstandard SoC nature of the ARM ecosystem.

An OEM can't just take an ARM CPU, stick it omn a board together with a chipset with UFI on it, bundle a Windows CD and call it a day. The ARM ecosystem is full of weird hacks like the raspberry pi being bootstrapped by the GPU.

Add onto that the rumored Microsoft-Qualcomm exclusivity deal and it just makes the barrier to entry insurmountable. For what? You don't even care about battery life.


👤 rbanffy
Another option for those who feel disgusted by the x86 ISA is the Raptor Engineering Talos series, but they don't have a POWER10 model at the moment.

https://secure.raptorcs.com/

Not as pretty as the Macs, but a 2-socket 44-core, 176-thread deskside that's 100% Windows-proof is still quite impressive.


👤 janef0421
There are a number of mini-pcs with relatively powerful ARM processors from rockchip, such as the RK3588. These are capable of running desktop linux. Here's a video on one: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUx5CQtRARs

👤 ppjim
What would be the benefit of having an ARM-based desktop computer? Most desktop computers are focused on business environments and PC gamers. Where mobility is not a major factor in the purchase decision. So I don't think it has any good benefits right now.

👤 GreenBackBoogie
He's probably referring to other products, but it seems he overlooked the SBC, which come in all forms and sizes and, generally, being low power devices, can't really do much besides hosting some not so demanding apps (looking at containers).

👤 captainbland
I don't think there are any technical blockers but there isn't much in the way of product market fit at this point. Desktop users tend to be less concerned with e.g perf/watt and are more concerned with perf/$ which Intel and AMD compete ferociously in.

I think there's also a lack of incentive to come up with new desktop solutions specifically that might be a better fit as well because desktop PC is seen as a shrinking market. Why do a bunch of R&D to compete in a shrinking market along with the difficulty of breaking into the established market, along with all the software compatibility issues etc.?


👤 chunk_waffle
I have one of these for Windows Arm testing:

https://developer.qualcomm.com/hardware/windows-on-snapdrago...

I left it hooked up to the TV for quite a while for web browsing and youtube. Not bad at all aside from being windows.


👤 ep1cman
https://www.ipi.wiki/products/ampere-altra-developer-platfor... Does this fit the bill? I have one sitting on my desk and it is a pretty capable machine if you are a linux user.

👤 lathiat
Honeycomb LX2 https://www.solid-run.com/arm-servers-networking-platforms/h...

Plus any apple machine and the thinkpad x13s

And the raspberry pi


👤 tjansen
The blocker is Windows backward-compatibility. Macs are only sold with ARMs these days. Many (most?) Chromebooks are also using ARM. But one of the main reasons for Windows is backward-compatibility, and you won't get it with ARM.

👤 throwaway81523
Raspberry Pi 400 is not hard to find these days, unlike the smaller models.

👤 mdasen
It's not that there's one or two blockers that just need to get cleared out of the way. It's that ARM desktop PCs don't have solid momentum and commitment.

When Apple announced they were moving to ARM, it was "this is happening and everyone needs to get on board or they're going to be left behind." Microsoft has ARM support in Windows including an x86 translation layer, but there's certainly no "get on board or you'll be left behind" ultimatum. Microsoft intends to keep supporting x86 and in fact x86 will continue to be the premier platform for Windows. That leaves desktop ARM without momentum.

Some things in the world are about momentum and the commitments people are willing to make given the commitments of others. Every Mac developer knew that time invested in porting to ARM would pay off. Apple was committed to ARM. They'd spent a decade making their own chips. They weren't just going to abandon ARM a few years later. Developers knew that competing developers would port to Mac-ARM so they had to make that commitment as well. Developers knew that Mac buyers were going to be clamoring for the Mac-ARM machines.

Does Microsoft care about Windows on ARM? Do Windows Developers? Do PC buyers? The answer to all three seems to be "no" (or at best "eh, a bit"). Given that no one is committing to Windows-ARM, everyone just takes a wait-and-see approach. Without the commitment and direction, others don't want to make those commitments. Would you buy an ARM PC knowing that everything will likely need to run through translation layers? Knowing that Microsoft's support for ARM doesn't even extend to flagship products like Visual Studio? Knowing that so many third-party devs won't see enough ARM users to justify the port? And if you're not going to commit to ARM, why should anyone else in the ecosystem.

Apple solved that indecision/commitment issue by 1) saying unreservedly that it was moving to ARM and would be leaving Intel entirely; 2) offering chips that didn't just match Intel performance, but solidly beat it offering users a huge reason to want those new machines fast.

Microsoft doesn't have either of those and Intel is making huge strides. They've released big-little architecture chips and started improving performance a lot. They're likely to start closing the gap on chip process either by renting TSMC or improving in-house fabs. Plus, "desktop" PC users (rather than laptop) often don't care about heat and form factor like Apple does - they aren't looking for a Mac mini or Mac Studio. They're happy with a tower that they can stick a giant graphics card in and that can accommodate a 100W CPU.

Beyond the issue of commitment, as others have pointed out, Apple is just farther ahead on ARM performance than anyone else. Qualcomm is trying to make their own custom chips to improve performance, but right now Intel has better performance and Intel seems recommitted to maintaining their performance advantage (against non-Apple chips and at least wants to bluster about beating Apple).

Given this environment, it's hard to be the one willing to invest the money to break the logjam. Maybe Qualcomm will if it can leverage its investment in mobile CPUs for desktops. However, it's hard for a chip startup to want to take on Intel when users, developers, and Microsoft aren't enthusiastic about Windows-ARM. It's hard for a user to want an ARM PC when performance isn't dramatically better, developers don't care, etc. It's hard for developers to care without users caring. But I don't think even Qualcomm can break the logjam. I think they like their margins too high to want to price their chips at a level that might see people clamoring for their processors and I think Intel's 12th-gen (and successive generation) chips will make it hard to beat them on performance.

Apple just controlled enough of the ecosystem to offer the amount of commitment necessary - and is a company that doesn't mind telling users to leave their comfort area. Microsoft likes to tell users "don't worry, that program from 1995 will still run" and in some ways that's awesome. A 1995 Mac program wouldn't work multiple times over (when Mac OS X eliminated Classic support, when Apple moved to Intel, when Apple eliminated Carbon, when Apple eliminated 32-bit support, and when Apple moved to ARM). Some of those had translation layers, but some didn't (and often the translation layers died along the way).

The blocker is that no one is committed to Windows-ARM and Desktop-Linux-ARM. I can't even download an Ubuntu desktop ISO for ARM. I have to download the server version and then install the desktop. Without someone standing up and saying "this will be the way forward even if it is uncomfortable and the past will be left behind" it's hard to get people to move.

To put it another way, when Google shows a lack of commitment to things, it means we inevitably see comments here saying "it'll be killed in 2 years." I'm not accusing Microsoft of abandoning anything, but it does feel like Windows-ARM isn't likely to get traction and while they might keep it alive, they probably aren't going to continue to invest the money to really make it thrive beyond what is already offered (which isn't bad). However, the lack of a coordinated direction between Microsoft, developers, and users means that there isn't momentum in that direction. No one wants to waste their money on Windows-ARM.


👤 panick21_
The blockers are that x86 AMD and Intel machine are hard to beat and software just works better on x86.

With linux you might be partially ok, but with Windows you are not ok.


👤 tomjen3
There is the mac mini, there is the mac studio, and there is the laptops that are spending almost all their time on desks.

👤 ksec
I thought this is a poorly phrased question. That has a lot of people guessing what the question really meant.

👤 Kukumber
3 blockers:

- Microsoft for making an inefficient OS

- Intel because of politics

- Qualcomm because of mediocrity

Apple annihilates the competition, i went with a mac mini personally, that thing is a beast


👤 compsciphd
no one remembers the Corel NetWinder?