How do I best go about solving problems that are not necessarily "coding" problems, but more related to setting up my system correctly for my code to work? How do I go about finding out what is necessary to learn and what I can ignore?
Want to do something -> try to do it (through google) -> doesn't work -> read exception -> search exception / stackoverflow -> try fix exception -> probably doesn't work -> eventually find error and underlying cause -> repeat.
As you learn more about the framework and language, the time to complete this loop becomes smaller and you learn more efficiently. However everyone goes through the initial slogging steps of being frustrated and unable to figure things out.
TL;DR -keep going. You're doing fine. Keep a diary (dated, sequenced - a lab book, a jupyter, a GIT repo of the constantly evolving install script) and write something as a final state (the README.md for the git?) which is less about time and more about the problems of significance and leave a trail or markers to how you fixed things.