1) Try to evangelize and teach my teammates how to use git and GitHub; this would be ideal, but I don't know how willing they would be to learn those tools on top of the already stressful course material.
2) Let others collaborate on Dropbox while I use git alone and synchronize the changes by creating and applying patches; this solution has the most overhead, but it will allow everyone to use their favorite tools.
3) Ditch git altogether, use Dropbox and hope for the best.
In your opinion, what would be the best option?
You might get a few starter files and have to tweak some pieces. Unless your project is more than like a few weeks long just do it together in study sessions and pair program if you can.
When you write your own work, solo labs, thesis, dissertation etc, then absolutely use vcs, obviously.
I did mechanical engineering in undergrad and the labs were fairly self contained and didn’t really need much revision.
If anything I would prioritise writing tests to help document and check others code, over worrying about vcs. TDD in Matlab would be quite a thing.
When merging stuff, make a commit if needed on the dropbox repo and merge in your changes. Then pull from your personal repo from the dropbox one.