The country’s politics revolves around weaponized Buddhist fundamentalism (the same flavour you see in Myanmar). For 70 years, it has just been politicians gaining by encouraging inter-ethnic conflict. The current regime was voted in based in strong anti-Muslim rhetoric. Soon, there will be another similar leadership. Until that changes, this country is no different than Afghanistan under the Taliban.
Tourism has been the saving grace, but the 2019 bombings and pandemic mean it will likely never recover. At some point, change has to come from within.
But it was obviously really just massive government incompetence. It has been known for decades how to transition to organic methods successfully: incrementally, and with education. Both skipped.
After a sensible transition, yields could be lower, per acre, but not necessarily. Money spent on fertilizer and pesticides would be much lower than that. Money previously sent abroad would have stayed in Sri Lanka, milling around in the local economy generating prosperity.
Now they have chaos, and it will take a long time to get back to their previous, precarious state, probably in hock to China. Dow and BASF will get themselves well locked in; other countries will be spooked. A big success, for them. Not so for Sri Lankans.
Soon it will be the stronger countries. Euro now at parity with the dollar, and the yen is imploding.
Saw this coming, bought farmland, learned skills. Hunkering down. If we get a global depression it will be worse than the last, because people lack the skills to grow their own food and fix things when they break.
That said, i think Sri Lanka is doomed for at least a decade simply because of their outstanding Debt.
In addition: Syria, Lebanon, Yemen, Venezuela, Libya, and Ukraine are all in extremely dire straits from a previously prosperous time.