HACKER Q&A
📣 tines

Where to Read Proofs?


I'm attempting to self-study mathematics, and I'm having a very hard time with proofs. My formal maths education goes up to calculus II. I've never taken linear algebra, for example, and trying to learn it with a textbook like Linear Algebra Done Right is very difficult. I have a terrible time even making it through the first set of exercises once proofs come into the picture.

I've heard many many times that you can only learn math by doing it, which is certainly true, and is akin to saying that you can only learn a language by attempting to speak it. But to begin to learn to speak well, one must hear tons and tons of speech. Similarly, to begin to learn to write well, one must read tons and tons of writings.

Are there any resources for people who just want to read proofs? Preferably well-commented ones suited for beginners like myself who are trying more to get a feel for proof as an activity rather than trying to learn any particular branch of mathematics through them (at this point).


  👤 ravi-delia Accepted Answer ✓
I can second "Proofs from the Book", but would advise against it unless you're already comfortable with the basics of linear algebra and perhaps some analysis.

For a total beginner there is no better choice than Steward and Tall's "The Foundations of Mathematics", an incredibly readable guide which takes you from high-school calculus through a good portion of intro analysis and algebra. Reading this and doing the exercises was enough to get me through my first year of real math classes. There is no praise great enough for this book, and no sufficient recommendation I could give.

With that under your belt, if you'd like a "real textbook" I enjoyed Axler's "Linear Algebra Done Right". It has great exercises and should get you used to proofs done in the textbook style (though considering the high quality it may well not prepare you for the bleak world of lesser options).


👤 kratom_sandwich
I haven't read it, but I have heard good things about "Proofs from THE BOOK":

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proofs_from_THE_BOOK

Also, to get you into the right mood, I highly recommend "Fermats Last Theorem", which is light on mathemtics but quite interesting nontheless:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%27s_Last_Theorem_(book)

and this article:

http://projectwordsworth.com/the-paradox-of-the-proof/


👤 kcl
Your approach will not work. Either continue attempting proofs or give up. It's fine to read the answers after you've tried.

> I've heard many many times that you can only learn math by doing it, which is certainly true

yes

> and is akin to saying that you can only learn a language by...

no. this is you evading the main point.

Taking a graded class with homework can help. So can finding an elementary book on a subject that interests you (topology, combinatorics, algebra, ...). Linear is dry, that may be your issue.


👤 PaulHoule
"Reading" in mathematics is usually about doing problem sets and working through proofs step by step by yourself.

If you try to read math like a novel your brain will just go "zip...zip" and jump over important things. You really have to make math your own.

A very interesting case is

http://www.takayaiwamoto.com/Pythagorean_Theorem/Pythagorean...

because there are so many ways to do it. This book has an insane number of proofs of it

https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=0873530365/ctksoftwa...


👤 Jtsummers
I have not read it, but have often seen this one recommended:

https://www.amazon.com/How-Prove-Structured-Daniel-Velleman-...

How to Prove It: A Structured Approach by Velleman. New edition came out in 2019. It appears to be aimed at your level, and pricewise isn't too bad.



👤 rg111
You should read Jay Cumming's "Proofs: A Long-Form Math Textbook" [0]. It is very well-written.

And it actually tries to teach you rather than documenting math knowledge or impressing peers.

I highly recommend it.

[0]: https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/B08T8JCVF1


👤 Errorcod3
I just took a course on this and purchased multiple books for it. My favorite to work though because it is to the point was Book of Poof by Richard Hammack https://www.amazon.com/Book-Proof-Richard-Hammack

👤 anon27182818
Perhaps the ProofWiki will be useful for your efforts: https://proofwiki.org/wiki/Main_Page

👤 mb7733
Most math textbooks are proofs, with lots of explanations, and then exercises that ask you to prove related theorems using similar methods.

So really any math text appropriate to your level will work.


👤 capitalsigma
Take a real, formal class. You really can't self-study in my experience. I highly recommend the Harvard Extension School math 23 sequence.

👤 markus_zhang
I think an introductory course in Analysis, or a Number theory course, could be an entry course for proofs.