How should I approach finding companies/roles that value this type of work? Would I be able to find this type of environment at a larger company?
One route is to cast a wide net, with a very specific filter.
The other is to be very targeted in who you approach. Find likeminded people, which will require finding a lot of not-likeminded people.
The key to both is scale. The work is both in the skill (how good of a filter do you have? How good are you at really identifying people who value what you value?), but the real secret is volume. Persistence, scale, volume, and a way to improve your filters.
There are no shortcuts.
A business needs to survive and grow, for that it needs to execute in a scalable and controllable manner.
A business needs just hi quality cogs for their wheels.
So aim for that unique companies and good luck!