Barbara McClintock is a real scientist who fits this mold, but I haven't read a biography of her to specifically recommend.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassandra
https://www.google.com/search?q=books+about+cassandra+of+tro...
Lift Off by Eric Berger details early days of SpaceX
Melville's Moby Dick was so widely ignored (at best) that he quit writing prose for decades before starting Billy Budd a few years before his death. By that time, Moby was out-of-print ... it wasn't a 'work of genius' or a 'great American classic' for decades longer.
NN Taleb basically has a book trilogy dedicated to making complicated life bets. Start with Black Swan. You can skip some.
Confidence Game: How Hedge Fund Manager Bill Ackman Called Wall Street's Bluff // Christine Richard
Fooling Some of the People All of the Time // David Einhorn
e.g. Peter Mitchell's chemiosmotic theory of how living cells power themselves at a molecular level was not accepted for many years.
A Message to Garcia
This generation needs this mindset. My first manager gave it to me.
The Quranic take on David vs Goliath was that it required perseverance to follow David, who did not look much like a King. And after marching, they were exhausted and thirsty, reached the river, but were only allowed to take a single sip. Anyone who took more than a sip would not be part of the battle with Goliath. So there were only a few in the battle, which made the odds seem impossible, and so they prayed to God for perseverance (2:250) and Goliath was defeated in the most unexpected way.
Most tales about a Prophet is a story of perseverance.
I'm biased because I work in commercial fishing myself, but this was a very good read.
-Papillion by Henri Charrière: https://app.thestorygraph.com/books/bbd4b0ce-baad-4f04-9e98-...
-Escape from Camp 14 by Blaine Harden: https://app.thestorygraph.com/books/112010c8-be72-4ddc-b5e5-...
-The Naked Don't Fear the Water by Matthieu Aikins: https://app.thestorygraph.com/books/2572756e-ab98-4376-94be-...
-Barbie & Ruth by Robin Gerber: https://app.thestorygraph.com/books/69d6197f-f9dd-465f-bc3a-...
-The Fish That Ate the Whale by Rich Cohen (Starts slow but the story is wild.): https://app.thestorygraph.com/browse?button=&search_term=fis...
Fiction:
-The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas: https://app.thestorygraph.com/books/abd1c172-fbba-469d-a99c-...
-Hatchet by Gary Paulson: https://app.thestorygraph.com/books/8a8b0f34-bdec-4e08-bad8-...
-The Four Winds by Kristin Hannah (This one is kind of a rough read.): https://app.thestorygraph.com/books/8a740c2e-a536-47c8-8d67-...
-Pachinko by Min Jin Lee: https://app.thestorygraph.com/books/c906e464-dc41-4f82-9601-...
-The Beekeeper of Aleppo by Christy Lefteri: https://app.thestorygraph.com/books/297187a2-ad88-4b2b-a453-...
-Bear Town by Fredrik Backman (It's not quite what you're looking for, but close, and really good.): https://app.thestorygraph.com/books/1e759f91-b8e7-4a7b-b10a-...