By publicly-available, I mean where it is made available for anyone who requested it to somehow access it (e.g. from the internet, from a library).
With "repo," I'm not imagining it using version-control software per se, just that it could be compared and clearly show some kind of iteration of the same piece of code.
Earliest commit is from 1985: https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/emacs.git/commit/?h=emacs-...
Log starting from 1985: https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/emacs.git/log/?h=emacs-19....
The Unix source - https://github.com/dspinellis/unix-history-repo - with quite a number of releases dating back to 1970.