A bit more context, in case you are interested: he has worked as an executive at multiple companies in the past decades (CEO, CCO, CFO). As he grows older, he has noticed it becomes increasingly difficult to find work, even though he would love to continue working for the years to come. I think he feels inspired by seeing me thrive as a contractor, with access to a global marketplace and seemingly endless working opportunities.
He learned to program when he was a student, probably Pascal or Basic, but as far as I know he has never needed to use that skill in his professional life (though I assume his excel-fu is excellent, because that is the preferred "programming language" in a business environment).
I have no idea what to advise him, so I'm curious to hear your thoughts. Maybe I will even send him the link to this page so he can read along!
At risk of getting flamed...
It's tricky I think because even if he can learn to program to a suitable standard, I think the reality will be that people will see him as a "junior" but you will have a different working dynamic since it is easier for an e.g. 30 year old to coach someone who is younger if they are doing it wrong but could be tricky trying to coach an older person unless they have genuine humility, otherwise your dad might feel patronised or be offended by some youngster without the experience to coach well.
Another avenue, if it is just the industry he likes rather than programming specifically, he could probably get more distance by utilising his exec skills to do a technical management role like Product Manager, Product Owner or Project Manager. He could then get as much exposure to the programming as he wants without needing to produce as much of it as would be expected of a dev.
Don't know, just thinking out loud.
- One time I posted on HN that I am willing to tutor people from Gaza for free (am Israeli). Got contacted by a Nigerian man (over 50+ years) instead. He successfully did FCC and a few other courses and got a job (with minimal mentoring) in the field.
- One time I had a student at a program I volunteer in for a minority group who was almost 70, they successfully completed the program and got a job.
- I've met plenty of 50 year olds transitioning to coding from other engineering gigs (like rail engineering) when they immigrated - my wife's family for example has several examples of people doing that.
Agism is real, there is discrimination but sharp minds who work hard and are willing to start at a junior's salary and at the same conditions as 20 year olds (long'ish hours) find jobs - though that's anecdotal and based on my experienced.
I say: if your father is passionate go for it. Don't forget you're on HN and you should consider entrepreneurial routes like:
- Do any of his old employers need a website or app?
- What about local businesses or programs?
I got most of my early experience building and selling indie (flash) games and working on projects (flash game sites and socket servers mostly) until I was "hireable". The other gigs I got were all websites and apps for family friends and neighbors to get experience (I got paid for whole websites less than I charge for a single hour of consulting today lol - it was totally worth it).
Will he, an executive before, have the required patience and humility to start at the bottom rung again, to e.g. step into a company with 20-year olds that know more than he does? 20-year olds that may not always be as kind as he would like them to be?
If I were in his shoes my answer would be no.
But the solution I would consider: have him build his own product.
He's of a certain age, so he probably has experience to areas that us younger folk have no idea about. Is getting medication a pain? Is there an app he'd wish he had on his phone or on the web to help him with various activities? Something friends of his age would like? Or something he could build for the children of older parents that could help them out?
If you're saying that he used to be an executive, I imagine by this point he's got enough savings to be comfortably retired. So, he can spend some time learning ruby on rails and pick up some front end stuff and start hacking away at a product he would like to see in the world.
Expose it publicly (the "hey I'm 61 and here's my side project" is bound to get a lot of clicks) and then go from there.
But that's what I would recommend. I wouldn't necessarily recommend he learn a stack and apply for jobs.
I'm only employed now because I'm proficient in an older language (APL). Never mind my decades of experience in many other languages and extensive domain knowledge in finance, not that I'm bitter or anything.
I learned Rust at age 55.
But! Programming is not only about learning a language. There is this huge background of methods, practices, technologies (network/ip/socket, data formats, databases, unicode, regular expressions, xml/xsl, markup languuages), Operating Systems, procedures (CI, VC...) and so forth. This vast amount of knowledge is gained by experience over decades. The young programmer does not have the experience either, but has enough time ahead to become a senior eventually. It will be very difficult to reach a senior level when starting at 50 or 60 - there is simply not enough time to catch up. I started programming at age 16, btw.
So I would definitely let him dive into programming just to see how it goes and support him on this challenge. It will also serve mental fitness in high ages. Getting into programming at that age, with the need to make a living from it and no plan B - I consider this too risky!!
That said: being a bit older probably gives him a fairly unique perspective on many of the things younger devs might not even realize can be an issue, and if he were to aim for something that allows his age to work for him by strong association with the demographic that that particular software targets then it could work out well, assuming he has an aptitude for programming.
Excel-fu may well be a stronger card than any of the regular application programming languages if he wants results, it may well be that something like 'R' would be well within his comfort zone.
Best of luck, and props to your dad for even considering this!
My father worked into his 80s and I saw firsthand how once he hit 60 years old how much harder it was for him to land a new job. As such, I’ve always gone out of my way to ensure such folks get a fair shot in my ~25 years of being a people manager.
And every time I’ve hired someone 60+, even if they are new/junior for the role - it’s worked out in spades.
The unique perspective, what’s seems like a “new” problem is often an already solved problem from decades ago, just the wealth of knowledge … and again, this surprising still applies even if the individual is junior in their experience.
What’s best is the work ethic & respect. It’s sad but true, that individual knows you could have easily hired a 20 year old kid but didn’t. And the thanks, trust and respect you immediately gain with them often translates into them becoming a dedicate individual who goes above and beyond in their job.
So just saying, please actively give these folks their fair shot and not just hire the new kid straight out of college.
And that 61 year old might be you some day.
Of course, its likely that I'm doing something else wrong as well.
Programming/software dev is not a field I would choose if I were trying to avoid age discrimination. It can be hard enough for 61 year olds who have been in the field for 35 years and have all that experience to find work.
I'd encourage him to do it as a hobby, but don't get his hopes up about being able to find steady work doing it.
My advice to your Dad is to aim for a job in consulting and analysis rather than coding. Get some certifications in a SaaS platform like Dynamics or Salesforce or whatever. That way he can leverage his business experience and people skills. I've found that people who combine experience with solid knowledge of a software platform get quite a lot of interesting job offers, even if they are older. If he later finds out he has an aptitude and interest in development then he can go down that path after he has mastered the functional stuff.
Regarding programming, it depends if he just wants to work or work to earn money.
If the former, he could look at OSS projects that interest him, there are so many! He could make meaningful contributions (for the project and for him)!
If the latter, he can definitely give it a go but maybe not get his hopes up too much. He could start his own startup/blog/company though which might not be a bad alternative to paid work.
Also he could look at the no-code tools which would allow him to build stuff quicker than learning to program. It would probably be a step up from Excel already and he could see if he likes it and wants to dive deeper (some contractors are specialized in building stuff on top of no-code tools)
Anyhow, good on him to want a career change at 60+, I wish him all the best!
Finding a business position that's a good fit for him would be a much easier way to stay employed until retirement than switching to programming.
Good luck to him and to you. He seems like a cool dude.
My dad did similar, after going back to school in his mid 50s and getting a CS/cybersecurity degree, he tried the engineering side for a bit but ultimately went into technical recruiting for a big enterprise, which is a six figure position.
One approach would be product or industry specific. Maybe he'e really intrigued by applications of GIS and that could lead to exploring specific companies in that space and the talent they need.
Another would be open source. Maybe he's really interested in databases and could dive deep into that part of open source and find out what things he wants to do.
No guarantees with either route, but the older you get, the worse the odds are if you are just a person with programming ability like many others.
Make sure the machine and monitors don’t become a reason to stop the process of learning and doing.
Approach this as a series of goals and don’t expect overnight miracles.
Make copious notes. It could be useful to focus on programming for a particular field or set of applications, if he has core knowledge. For example, tools that could have helped him in his previous roles. Don’t worry if these aren’t original nor large.
Be organized but don’t let the organizing obscure the hands-on coding and use of the tools.
Find sympathetic people and groups, for support, mentoring, ideas, and reference. I suspect that he has developed good strategies for networking and communicating with people and groups. Now is the time to take advantage of those skills.
I know that he knows that he doesn’t feel like he’s 61 and that’s important. In my experience the roadblocks are erected by reacting to other peoples inevitable ageism. Ageism is real. But it’s not going away, so work around it and work with it.
Having groups to work with, and support each other helps immensely. So, approach programming as a member of a group and don’t try to do everything himself.
Languages and platforms? That’s a different discussion, and I’ll avoid the inevitable arguments in this open forum.
And document the process and journey. Make the documentation process part of the journey too, of course, and use the IDE and YouTrack to help manage this process too. Other people will want to know about these experiences.
Are you sure that is the right causal relationship here? My gut feeling would be that it has at least in part to do with the C* level roles. McD cashier jobs are a dime a dozen and rapidly hire and fire. C* level tends to be slower and more scarce just by nature.
> I think he feels inspired by seeing me thrive as a contractor,
If he is somewhat stable financially he might do better as a finance/PM/operational consultant. That lets him leverage years of experience as credibility. That will play much better than a 61 y/o with a coding bootcamp or similar.
>He learned to program when he was a student,
My dad was in a similar position - except he was a professional programmer for years. After a long stint in management layer he found he couldn't get back into the tech market. Instead project management type roles went better
However, using programming tools and concepts to provide more value than his younger Excel-munging peers. Definitely, and will help him figure out what he is good at.
Subscribe to Datacamp and start learning python. Get some of those Excel spreadsheets that executives like to drown each other with and start doing some business analysis on them in jupyter notebooks. He can definitely find an edge doing financial analytics, financial forensics, that sort of thing.
We (programmers) would be shocked at how bad those business spreadsheets are. He can use his experience, and desire to learn, to find plenty of work munging executive financial and other data using programmers tools.
He was late 60s.
Show him Cypress or your preferred choice for integration testing and see if writing simple integration tests piques his interest. It's close enough to engineering that he should get a feel for what the job is like while being "relatively" easy to learn in a few weeks.
Maybe thats what he's asking anyway ;)
Even before the microcomputer revolution, back in the dawn of timesharing, there have also been "non-professional programmers" who write software to put wheels on their scientific, engineering, business, literary, accounting, medical, mathematical, artistic or whatever skills they have.
To be a professional programmer you're really going to have to learn how to whip other people's bad conceptual models into shape, track down difficult bugs, not use an O(N^2) algorithm when an O(N) algorithm is available and N is large, understand the difference between C++ compilers and whatever details turn up to be relevant in a particular case. (e.g. You're never going to know all of these things but you have to find out the ones that are relevant to your project!)
The non-professional programmer is going to be more focused on the problem domain even though they still sometimes might need to figure out something technically hard to make their system work.
Elevator pitch: "i've spent X years doing
1 - age
> As he grows older, he has noticed it becomes increasingly difficult to find work, even though he would love to continue working for the years to come.
There’s a significant age bias in the tech community that might be hard to overcome.
He is in a protected age class though: https://www.eeoc.gov/age-discrimination
Just make sure he knows his rights during the hiring process that it’s not acceptable for a company to not hire him based on age.
2 - language
Learning a new modern language like Node/JS will be a brutal race to the bottom in a highly competitive marketplace.
However there are some jobs that pay great money to folks who know older languages like COBOL, Perl, etc., maintaining old systems. And I’m guessing he’ll find the work and coworkers more relatable. These jobs are just much more scarce.
A question he might get from having an impressive C-suite resume and applying for programming jobs is: why? So just be prepared to answer that.
And probably have him build one or two personal projects so he can make sure he likes the process and has something to showcase.
Good luck!
Well there you go, teach him to code and then get some contracts that you can give him some work from so he can get his feet wet and some experience under his belt to increase his chances if he decides to look for a job or go out on his own.
I don't know if I ever had students in their 60s, but I'm pretty sure I had students in their 50s (I don't know their birthdates so I'm really just guessing when it comes to age).
On average, it was definitely harder for the older students to find work, but it's absolutely possible. Some companies will really appreciate having people with more life experience, more maturity.
I think the first step would be to see if your dad actually enjoys doing software development. Lots of people just hate it. Doing some beginner JavaScript or Python tutorials could be a good place to start. If it sparks excitement, I think he should absolutely consider doing a bootcamp or similar program.
I think it's an uphill climb, but if he enjoys doing it and he doesn't give up easily, I'm confident it could be a viable path for him.
Can't you both think about creative ways to leverage his decades of experience as a top manager? Could it be that he is stuck in an employee's mindset and that's the true differentiator against your success? If so, why not help him in switching mindset instead?
If everything else fails, then - sure! - why not go for the programming route... Becoming proficient at programming takes lots of time, but he would have the advantage of your mentorship. And as for our industry's ageism, screw it! I would just team up, be the "young face" of our duo and customers would be none the wiser about 50% of their software being written by a geezer. Oh, well... that's what I would if I were young.
Good luck ;-)
As a nice side note, my family followed this thread with great enthusiasm and I am proud that they get to see the best of HN!
Others have suggested various data science programs. To that I’d add picking up basic app design/prototyping skills and a low code/no code framework like PowerApps or going deep on an extensible platform he’s familiar with like SalesForce or SAP.
Platforms like that can enable him solve the business problems he’s uniquely suited to identify and understand, rather than competing with a 38 year old with 20 years of experience trying to solve obtuse technical issues.
If he hasn’t wanted to program before now, and is primarily doing it because he’s seeing ageism in executive roles, I would recommend against this path (pretty strongly).
If he’s always been interested in it, dabbled in and enjoyed perfecting Excel workbooks and now wants to make the jump, that’s a different story.
In the former case, keep being an executive, especially if he’s got a track record of leading companies that are generally well-regarded. Even with ageism, I think he’ll find that easier and likely more rewarding.
There is a lot of work out there managing Oracle installs, populating databases, and all the other duties associated with running Oracle instances.
There's plenty of scope for programming, and the work should be more regular hours and less stressful on the whole than an entry-level programming job.
Additionally, it should be reasonably easy to break into the field via the various certifications, and the tools and DB itself are accessible for self-directed learning.
I would recommend him taking one or a few bootcamp classes to bring him up to speed, maybe focus on one area in particular (e.g. web development) then find a smaller dev shop where he could come in and support in a junior support role to start with and then take it from there. Maybe develop a few pet projects to build his portfolio in parallel.
It's not impossible but maybe manage his expectations a little bit that he's going to have to start more or less from scratch.
Spell out everything that your hypothetical friend would have to go and learn for you to feel comfortable giving him even the most junior-level coding responsibilities or vouching for him as a "yeah, this guy can do the job" to a professional contact of yours. Write it all down, show it to your dad, and spell out the effort involved. That's what he's looking at learning in order to be taken seriously in the marketplace.
(I'd venture that some kind of consulting/contracting is what he'd wind up doing, both because I don't think many companies would take a resume like his seriously for a junior developer position and also because I don't think someone who's been at the top of the org chart would tolerate going to the bottom of the org chart for very long.)
Is this about finding work, or finding software/programming work. If your dad wants to find work, he's better of, in my opinion, to stick to his field. He held considerable positions in the past, what did change about his industry that's making it hard now to find work?
The market for Software developers is hot right now; but it is quite difficult to find a job as a junior. Add to that ageism and companies are really picky when hiring.
Here are things your father is probably good at: Accounting, Taxes, Employment, Customer/People relations, Signing contracts (maybe gov. contracts), Figuring commercial real-estate & local regulation, Getting a credit line, Handling a lawsuit/the court, etc... All this stuff is experience a junior dev doesn't have and probably doesn't need.
By starting as a junior dev, your father is throwing all of that out of the window. What he needs to do (if he's looking for work), is to figure out how to branch into some industry that can make use of this knowledge.
However with his experience as a CEO, CFO. He might want to look into becoming a Data Engineer, BI consultant, Data Scientist or Data Analist.
With the experience you mentioned he might be better at understanding how the “business” thinks and what they need. Therefore a lot of his domain knowledge could be applied while being in a technical role.
Most of the roles I mentioned involve some programming but often that can also be drag and drop tools.
Good luck!
Someone who has been constantly hacking and building programs for fun on the side while working a different career, and finally thinks it might be fun to do programming for a living at 61: absolutely.
However it sounds like he doesn't have a prior interest in programming. Even for someone in their early 20s I don't recommend getting into to programming for the job (in your 20s this means being a software engineer for the money, for your dad it would be they like they type of schedule/work you have).
This isn't because of some ideal that "real programmers should be passionate", but because there is a reason that despite a massive rise in bootcamps it's still hard to hire devs: most people don't enjoy programming enough to do it for a living.
I love programming, love computer science and ultimately prefer data science work because I don't love software engineering work for 8 hours a day. So even someone who really enjoys programming might not necessarily love software engineering. If your dad was exposed to programming in college and then spent 40 years without ever picking it up again, it's likely he doesn't really enjoy programming and even more likely that he really won't enjoy learning all the tooling and frameworks required to work as a software engineer today.
tl;dr if your dad is the kind of person building a k8s cluster for fun on the weekend, or likes to hack together toy react apps in the evening: the he absolutely could transition. However it's fair more likely that he currently likes the idea of being a programmer much more than he would the actual work.
My grandpa learned programming, (BASIC, on a TRS 80) when he was 80 and got proficient at it quickly although it was just for fun.
There's a huge media frenzy around a) when in fact we don't need as many software developers, as we need people in b) and c). Product managers, project managers, service managers, IT risk and governance ... there's a whole world of opportunity. Best part? Doesn't take hours of work, experience/people skills is an advantage and you won't be up against coding geniuses.
It makes sense for him to go into 'tech'. It makes no sense for him to try and be a professional programmer competing with people a quarter of his age. Of course if that's his passion, fair enough. But if it's just a question of time ROI, nope. There are better ways.
Also check out supply chain and logistic experts
Now that I have that out of the way, the larger issue is if he will find anyone to employ him at that age. Ageism is a real thing! I spent the last 5 years working at an outfit that the recruiter described as "they seem to prefer seasoned employees..." take that however you will, but half of my co-workers were over 50 and I had at two people reporting to me that were older than I am. BUT, they were all experienced engineers.
I think it will be hard for him to find a job as an entry-level programmer at his age. But if he's been an executive, he probably has enough of a network so he can find freelance clients. The reality of software development is that there is a huge body of work that can be done by someone who's new to the field. This is probably the most worthwhile path for him.
That said, there's probably also a programming role where that not-programming experience would be an asset to someone who can also learn the code.
Of course there's probably many many other places where it wouldn't work, the trick is finding that correct fit. But most of being a good developer isn't programming it's thinking about the system, the use-case etc. There's plenty of rockstar guys who can code amazing solutions, but people with a wider experience and a different perspective are much rarer and can be more valuable.
Programming jobs in niche industries often require a fair amount of domain expertise (e.g., an accounting system). If he possesses such domain expertise somewhere, it might be worth starting his programming career there.
That said, here is my take:
I know that if I were hiring him it would be easiest if it was for a role that had programming plus something that involved his past. That way I may have a junior software developer, but since he's writing code for our financial models in Excel his history as an CFO really comes in handy. You get the idea. I wouldn't throw this guy knee deep into Node / Python / React / CSS / HTML / Shell / Docker / AWS and expect him to thrive. Pick something focussed and relevant and he can slowly shift towards where he would be happiest.
I'm planning to retire before I reach that age as I'm not sure I'll still be able to keep up. Maybe I will, but I'm not counting on it. There's just far too much. Already it can be overwhelming. That's why people naturally move from less technical positions into managerial positions.
Getting in via the front door on the job market means he will be competing with youngsters who are simply better. I don't see it happening and not because of ageism either. It takes years and years to learn this stuff.
The best chance would be if he personally knows someone who needs some specific tasks doing and he is up to it. Then it could be possible, I guess.
But the main point I'm trying to make, is that I would find a problem in my current job/field to which programming can help, and use that to drive the learning.
A better (useful in the context) strategy would be focus on Data Analytics/Big Data tools:
A Good book to start (considering the background with Microsoft toolset):
https://www.amazon.com/Data-Lake-Analytics-Microsoft-Azure/d... 1
This knowledge is extremely valuable today for any C-level these days and will be a huge differential in an eventual relocation process......
Regards and good luck to your father :)
My thinking with these is he needs to use his age/experience as a bonus not as something to ignore. For option 2, he'd fit the target demo that people are looking for, he'd just need to work on relearning those languages to do it which might be tricky
With a specialized application, it's the same. You just learn the application and don't have to keep up with all the changing fads of regular development.
Once he gets a foot in, he can expand to other things as well.
Best of luck.
Business consulting, mentorship, project analysis - basically providing an outside perspective - are all valuable skills that businesses or people will pay for.
Others have offered good advice in the form of becoming a PM.
An alternative pitch: Your Dad starts HisLastName Consulting LLC, goes around to local businesses, and asks if they would like a strategic analysis or expert financial analysis done for $$$. A few take him up on the offer, he does a deep dive on their business and financials for a month or two, and delivers a presentation with recommendations. Done, onto the next client or a vacation.
it's not only doable, but exciting if he is able to get into in.
also, i would in the first stage drop the professional from professional programming. He needs to grok what programming is at a newbie/hobby level first and needs to enjoy it before even thinking about anything professional.
he also needs to understand that this is a long journey (ie it will take years to be any good and/or have someone pay him to write code). If he has the patience and determination to do it he will be successful.
Maybe it's some kind of chicken-egg problem, but I find it harder and harder to stay "on top" of the situation, the ever-changing web ecosystems and whatnot, because I have so little time to learn everything new and understand it and use it.
Maybe it's less of a struggle with other languages, and if you do it fulltime, but I find it stressful and it gets worse.
I don't know how you can handle this situation and feelings when you are older and just starting out.
Anyway: I find it great that he wants to learn something new.
Can't say much for finding jobs, as I've contracted and consulted for most of my career because I prefer the problems and change, but really, your options are either to manage, or become manageable. That's the decisive factor in finding a job as we age, imo.
I think if he needs encouragement in order to do it, he probably isn’t going to do it. The only way it’ll work at that age is if he’s overwhelmingly passionate about it.
Sounds like he’d be better suited to starting his own company in which he can code and do whatever he wants. Doesn’t have to worry about anyone giving him a job, meanwhile hopefully all those business skills will come in useful.
Its not what you see in most schools where it mostly coding. However thats improving as students put stuff on github in a turnkey state.
Growing companies really need people who can keep things running as they grow. Experienced people want more senior and sexy roles, and inexperienced people can make fatal mistakes.
It's a nice combination of getting the logistics and relationships right, and the latter can be very rewarding.
He should shop himself to VC's as team filler. They'll relate to him, and can plug him in to gaps as needed.
So: I'd tell him to spend 3 months going online and learning Javascript or Python, and pick a suitable first project (or first contribution to an open source project) and get to the point where he's actually working on that. Then see whether he loves it or hates it or inbetween.
To be good in it takes years. Playing around with it in the past doesn't mean you can develop software.
And with his age I have the feeling that the time and effort is wasted when he retires.
I'm even a open person and wouldn't care but a old manager of mine wouldn't even hire a 50 year old software engineer because he was worried if he fits in with us.
The age bias is real and I think it would frustrae your dad.
One option could be vocational education (depending on what the education system is in your country), they tend to be more practical rather than theoretical and can offer an internship at a company. An internship can be a good way to get that first job.
I'd encourage him to give this a shot.
A lot of technical people don't appreciate how difficult the relationship aspect is, and often struggle with it. Your has this in spades!
Perhaps he could move into something related but low pressure. Maybe tutoring or teaching (likely not public schools). If he has to enough to retire, then maybe something as a volunteer, like web dev for a local non-profit.
For example he could do audits of financial departments using his CFO background, and write some programs to help him do that.
get a 4-day work week, and land at a BIG company, maybe - b/c they're sane to work at. they may be killing us all, but they won't kill you quickly as an employee.
i tend to think modern-day web-oriented (js) programming is awful, but i guess it's personal preference -- but i'd just generally advise try to find something he thinks he might like.
some other comments mentioned old-school tech - i think that could be a good idea. i don't know that it has to be or should be COBOL or craziness like that -- java, middle languages like pl/sql -- dba-type stuff.
totally doable if he has the energy for it.
and if he has someone to guide him, even better.
If he can't get a programmer job through his network, then it is unlikely he will be considered hireable by random companies.
Whether or not he should learn programming is mostly orthogonal.
I know there's still a considerable gap between 40s and 60s from my stories, but the point is that he should try it and you help him.
You wanted my advice, I once received that same advice, I have the liberty of repeating it to you. I am under no obligation to lie to you.
P.S. I'm older than your dad! And I program every day. I figure I have a good 20 years left as a programmer. The only thing that can stop your dad is if he quits.
He doesn't have enough time, he should take simple jobs that he can do. don't be stubborn.
He got a temp job coding. Not too good at it.
Eventually wound up doing sales for a FAANG, selling SaaS to C-suite execs.
61 yr old programmers who have programmed much of their careers. Find ageism and irrelevancy if they have not kept up with the changing technologies.
Your father is choosing a harder path. That may not be worth the time, effort and energy. And starting with no relevant skills to programming.
Some better options with competitive pay:
documentation, report writing, database management, QA.