Do cyberattacks cause physical damage to servers?
For example, do they reduce the lifetimes of SSDs significantly?
The Wiper attacks mostly hit Windows boxes. Not sure about the likes of Linux servers, although Linux is not immune. But to answer your question: SSDs can survive a wiper/ransomware attack as they can endure a full wipe and then a re-install, even if that hampers further re-installs since cloud services love to use fresh from-the-factory hardware.
If they deliberately wrote a high volume of data to the SSD then they could decrease the lifetime.