I know several open-source PII detection tools that could connect to SQL databases and detect personal data. And some commercial ETL/data prep tools could identify semantic types.
Is there any deep research on this topic and an advanced tool to work with semantic types?
Uhm, there's a process called Domain Driven Design that requires you to think of your types semantically.
IMHO semantics are always a higher level abstraction built on top of primitive types (integers/strings/floats and so on)
That said, unless there's already a well defined ontology in place, the semantic types are usually very adhoc and can even change from one module to another in the same ecosystem.