1. Invest in yourself. Start a business, take some classes, try to upgrade your current job, etc.. Improve your work situation so that the 10k turns into easily 100k of earnings over time. Or use it to improve your health, saving money long term in health costs. Whatever. Investing in yourself is usually the safest bet you can make.
[Edit: 1.5 - forgot the generic personal finance advice - if you don't already have an emergency fund, use this to create it. Just put the 10k in a savings account to have a bit of liquid cash on hand in case something bad happens and you need it fast. If you're good there, but you have any very high interest debt, pay that down second.]
2. Put in into something safe-ish with good growth potential, like VTSAX, and save it for a rainy day. Maybe start a retirement fund if you haven't already.
Then General investment into VTSAX or FZROX.