Are there any examples of such approach in the world?
It saves needing to update my details with everyone whenever I move.
But it's not really like DNS: my PO Box address isn't really any more memorable than a physical address, for instance.
There are commercial services that do the same thing in the US, at least.
Because thousands of years ago, there was no DNS, nor network communications systems, yet there was "the mail".
According to Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail#History) the concept of a courier service may date back to the Egyptians:
"The first documented use of an organized courier service for the dissemination of written documents is in Egypt, where Pharaohs used couriers for the dissemination of their decrees in the territory of the State (2400 BCE). The earliest surviving piece of mail is also Egyptian, dating to 255 BCE."
Wind that forward to today, and "mail delivery" is largely the same as then. A letter/package has an address inscribed upon it indicating a physical location, and a courier carries it to that location and delivers it. Among things that have has changed are the transportation mode, and the accuracy of the address location. But the overall high level operation remains very similar. Because it is an age-old system that still functions similarly to how it did before computers and computer networks it is likely no one has thought the concept of an "address lookup" for the historic "mail system" was a necessary add-on.
Keep in mind that the people running the mail system and being in power to change it may be benefiting from paper spam or too stupid to call BS on spam-friendly lobbyists' arguments.
- Global identity at the individual level doesn’t exist.
— Routing of physical goods is either inflexible and cheap or flexible and expensive.
There are overlay services that add value and cost. At a simple level, you can forward mail at the post office for a limited period. At a more complex level, you can pay someone to open and process your mail.
I think that technology has historically achieved what you’d be looking for by replacing mail.
I use a virtual mailbox service, physicaladdress.com. They scan my mail and give me an online interface to view it. If I want, I can choose to scan the contents, forward it, or shred. It’s not a PO Box so I can use it as a real address.