https://fs.blog/mental-models/ might be a good starting point.
You can come to understand the world from your perspective... But, to have a deep and complete knowledge of how the world works, you would have to have omniprescence (the ability to transport yourself to any part of the world) and to be able to get into the thoughts of all people, observing all possible perspectives to reach a final conclusion...
This just to understand the "modern world", with this you could approximate the "why" and the "how" our world works.
If the information is conveyed to someone else, another perceiver, it is transformed twice more -- once in translating it to the communication medium, and once more to match the new perceiver's model.
Thus, the more steps information takes in getting to you, the more changed it will become. Most of the information we get has been transformed many times before reaching us.
In order to achieve information accuracy in your mental models, you must either perceive information directly from reality, or attempt to undo these transformations with speculation, aka reading between the lines.
This is only the beginning. If you want to effectively understand the world, every time you perceive new information, you must immediately try to fit it to as many of your mental models as you can before it fades, and then cascade down all the rest of them to see if the combination also fits something.
It is a pursuit which takes much uninterrupted thinking, and quiet space is essential. It will also seem fruitless at first, the same way as with meditation. Eventually, after a bit of doing this seemingly without any reward, it will start to come together, and you will begin to have regular moments of insight.
Richard Feynman wrote on this quite a bit, I advise you to seek out his writing.