[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STIR/SHAKEN
There's no reason carriers couldn't already cut off sources of spam, besides the fact that they profit from it and would rather turn a blind eye.
STIR/SHAKEN may reduce caller ID spoofing, but does the majority of spam really require that? I'd assume only a very small chunk of spam actually relies on spoofing caller ID - the rest are just legitimate but random numbers.