Other team members are fine and I like them. The project is very cool (we rewrite the monolith for microservices), financial conditions in the company are great. But working with him makes me sad.
Should I quit?
On the other hand, any change is a crapshoot, so if the price of change is high, you'll need to evaluate the cost to benefit. That will depend on your location, your skillset, and your personality. That's something you'll have to discover for yourself.
Like you, I've got little tolerance for hostile people. They cost me a lot, mentally, and I take pains to avoid them. Often, they consider themselves justified, and consider it your responsibility to adapt to their style rather than the other way around.
So if you're unhappy, and fortunate enough to have the power to leave, you can at least ask your teammates and management to help you find a better solution without leaving. They likely spent a lot to hire you and would rather not train your replacement. If nobody else on the team wants to work with them, then maybe they need a change in the team, and not starting with you.
And if that's not possible, you take what steps you need to stay sane. Work isn't always pleasant, but it doesn't need to suffer from people making it unnecesarily harder.
Good luck.
Tell him how you feel about working with him, why he makes you angry. Do it in a well-behaved manner, dont try to argue, just try to explain your feelings. I know, it must be hard for you to open up, since you are an introvert. But bear in mind that in any job there is someone who you will not like, so changing a job might not be a solution. So dont worry, you wont break anything, nobody should be angry at you only for a small talk about your feelings.
After you pick up your courage and talk to him, wait what will happen. Maybe you will need to do it second time. If it will not stop, just talk to somebody else above him and somebody may find a better solution for you two.