With content moderation, there are a couple different signals that are both important, but that shouldn't be conflated.
1) The comment is on-toptic relevant, and adds value to the discussion (quality).
2) Whether a user personally agrees or disagrees with the content of a comment (content).
Downvotes are a negative signal. There isn't a clear way to distinguish between "this comment is low quality" (quality moderation) and "I disagree with it" (content feedback).
Downvoting has the aggregate effect of suppressing speech. In the case of low quality, this is a good thing. In the case of disagreement, it runs the risk of discouraging expression and diverse ideas.
Perhaps people have ideas they'd like to discuss, but don't want to risk "losing points" because the idea may be unpopular. I know that I have personally experienced this, and stopped myself from expressing an idea because I've been pretty sure it wouldn't be popular. Given the overall high quality of discussions on HN, this chilling effect is disturbing. Have others experienced it?
Upvotes are a positive signal, it seems to me that the risk of conflating positive signals is less than that of conflating negative signals, since it doesn't have a suppressive effect, it has an uplifting effect.
Would it make sense, and improve the community, to eliminate downvotes and to only have positive signals?
To be clear, I'm not suggesting getting rid of flagging a comment, just downvotes.
This is a problem with your mindset, not the HN system. You should not place significant concern on collecting Internet karma. I currently have over 18,000 karma, and I happily and regularly have expressed thoughts and opinions that get me -4'd. (Basically, as low as you can go on a given comment.) Doing so has not hurt me in any meaningful capacity, or even, obviously, in a meaningless HN karma capacity. Post unpopular views.
I'm mostly aware that a certain crowd will downvote anytime I point out that Section 230 should be repealed, that we'd all be better off as a society if Google stopped existing as a website and corporate entity tomorrow, or that unlimited data is a bad thing for ISPs to offer, etc. Sometimes I am surprised when I make a comment I expect to be unpopular, and it ends up somewhat popular!
The problem you run into is that many people feel that a comment they disagree with is low quality. Encouraging flagging over downvotes would actually increase censorship: Instead of downvoting, users would flag a lot more comments, and they'd be more likely to be hidden by the site.
IMO comment graying should only start after a comment hits -2, instead of graying after a single downvote.
I agree that downvotes are crude so instead of removing them you could improve them. How about when you downvote you have to choose a reason eg: 1. Comment is off-topic 2. Poor argument / source 3. Combatitive / abusive
Side note - there is no internet discourse more eye-rolling than whining about how you can't express an "unpopular" idea. Just say what you want to say - I swear you are significantly less edgy than you think.
Also, you're not allowed to downvote this comment. That would be suppressing my speech and such a chilling effect is disturbing.
That being said, I do think your criticisms are good, but I just don't think those are reasons to get rid of downvoting here on HN.
EDIT: flagging could e.g. increment a visible counter and serve as a trigger to the admin; assuming the admin is a neutral arbiter assessing the compliance of the post with HN and legal requirements he/she could remove the post or comment, and leave a rationale for his/her decision; that could prevent arbitrariness.
But I do think there are, often, some very biased negative idealogues who vote down interesting & valuable opinions, regularly, & mercilessly, because they don't jive with the image of the world as the downvoter wants to believe it.
I think it's very frustrating. And unfortunate. And I think that usually it's the ungenerous zero-sum view of the world people that tend to be mass downvoters. There are other generally unpopular or unsupportable opinions that get down voted too, which I think is more in the cards, more regular, & especially in the contested/hot threads up top. My main concern is not this, not people getting blown out of the water in hot spots, but a lot of interesting voices getting chilled & sent down.
My ask is: more data. Show upvoted & downvoted separately when one hovers over the net points of a post. I also like the opinion that downvotes ought include a reason, a cause: off topic, bad content, bad whatever, slashdot style.
Some people down-vote when they simply disagree with whatever is being conveyed. This behavior is not conducive to a thoughtful, substantive conversation.
Beyond signaling a post/comment is of low quality or off-topic, I do not see any use for the down-vote; the 'flag' option exists for this purpose. I also believe the bar for the flagging privilege be set higher.
>Downvoting has the aggregate effect of suppressing speech...
Whatever else HN is, it isn't a platform for free speech. There is definitely an 'orthodoxy' of opinion on here, stepping outside of which is liable to lead to shadow-banning and post killing.
Upvotes are available to many more people than downvotes, so when a comment is downvoted and stays downvoted it means one person disagreed with it enough to downvote it, but many people read it and didn't think it deserved an upvote.
This should stop the knee jerk downvotes and otoh also tell the OP the reason why the post got downvotes.
If somebody makes a downvote with a comment like "sgsgsgsfwfwg" the OP can flag it and the downvoter gets his downvote privileges revoked on 10 flags or something.
Just an idea.
Instead of a downvote, add more muting functionality, ways to personally shut off speech not welcomed, but not in a way that prevents others from seeing it.
Personally, I believe all opinions should behave the opportunity to be heard, no matter how crazy, and should not be suppressed because a handful of people don’t like it.