How do you recognize a good bug fix from a bad one?

Minimal amount of code change required to fix the problem is generally a good sign.

A simple fix is always better than a convoluted one.

A fix that deletes code instead of adding more sounds fantastic.

If the fix contains the tests that reproduced the problem it's marvellous, I am in tears.

Is there a documentation about the bug, how did it surface, what were the impacts and what was the fix? Superb.