They feel like the workload is 2x or 3x because the responsibilities have expanded beyond code alone. The anxiety they express is that the goal posts keep moving, and they feel left behind.
Question to the group -- have you experienced this, or do you see it among your peers?
Now, do you need all those things for your app? I think you'll definitely need to know UNIX to a reasonable degree, but all the other stuff (Docker, Ansible, Terraform, CircleCI, Kubernetes, etc. etc.) are just specialized tools for helping alleviate some effort in deployment and infrastructure management.
Start small and use what you want / need.
devops is important because developers tend to know best the requirements / quirks of their application. If you have it running on your laptop it shouldn't be too hard to get it running on a remote server. I'd assert, much easier for the developer of the app than for an ops specialist with no knowledge of the app that they're deploying.
devops can be as simple as a bash script.
I find the expectation for devops experience to be rather hilarious because if devops was a priority for the company then they would have worked it out and it would be a service available to developers rather than a job responsibility.