Guide to WebDev for Low Level Engineers?

I've been doing low level engineering for years (mostly hypervisor development), but have very little idea how web development works.

I tried writing some javascript, but I immediately tried using `require` on the client-side, without having any idea that was Wrong. My experience so far has been little moments like that over and over. I feel like there are some main abstractions I could learn that would be useful to build off of.

Are there guides out there for people that are already familiar with software engineering?