I'm an engineering VP in a (maybe) unicorn looking seriously at an exit and the vibe has ... already changed.
Looking at the current climate, I am probably going to be able to pay off my mortgage and send my partner to grad school, but financial independence or FYM isn't on the cards. I like it here, and am not planning to move on yet.
I've been wondering where the stories about what happens (what goes wrong/right) after an exit, like an IPO.
What should I be looking out for after the exit? Any experiences from senior engineering staff? Or even good blog posts or books?
Thanks
Lunchtime talk started to focus on money. Some people nursed unrealistic fantasies about an upward turn in the stock. Those of us who were more cynical sold our shares earlier and were happier in the long run. Eventually most of us moved on to other companies. The company is headed down the drain, but many of us are still friends. I bought a condo.
It reminded me a lot of how someone goes about restoring a car. You buy three old cars. You restore one. The other two cars are parts cars for the first.
We were a parts car. We existed for a year as people were transferred to a different are or left entirely. There was nothing left but maintenance work in our group.
Our executive management was very savvy and negotiated that the acquiring company couldn't interfere with our operations for the first year in any way that could threaten our meeting the earn out goals.
The net effect was just weird. In many ways, nothing really changed for a year. In other ways, everything kind of ground to a halt because there was no motivation to do anything and no new management to steer.
I left at the end of the year.
The startup had a niche product in higher ed and had done a really good job cultivating their relationships with customers through top notch customer support and rapid iteration on the engineering side. Typical startup strategies for the most part.
Post-acquisition, the support team was essentially goaded into quitting by management, only to realize that the product was far more sophisticated to support than the other products in their portfolio, so they wound up having to rebuild the support team. This was when we realized upper management was a bunch of morons.
On the engineering side, they shifted our product development focus to making the entire app a bunch of SPAs because reasons. The core engineering leadership left, and the new hires that were brought in weren't as good. Apathy set in, the company started stiffing us out of promised bonuses, and I left.
What I imagine is true for both IPOs and acquisitions is that most publicly traded companies usually care a whole lot more about the bottom line than well-funded startups. Getting rid of the crazy retreats and in-house chef is one thing, but when companies start getting squirrely about compensation, it's a good time to think about what's next.
I won't comment on the current owner, because international politics forced their hand more than the typical horror story. What I will say is that they ran us very well for a long time.
All I can say is, if you like your job, like the product, and the pay is enough, stay as long as you're happy. Always give new owners a chance to fix a mistake.
A warning sign is when the parent company screws with your whatever you did to be successful. This can be as mundane as moving from git to perforce; or bypassing critical decision makers in your business critical processes. (IE, you lose control of hiring or product management.)
So enter into the process with an open mind, and keep the payout as a buffer in case you decide to give your two weeks notice and leave.
They absorbed a few employees who are still there and are just as confused as none of the tech they spent so much money on ever got used.
Maybe it was somehow a giant tax write off, or just buying out the competition?
I was tasked to sell their monstrosity and it was hell. To see the faces of my clients as they looked at this 'new' platform was very demoralising for all concerned. We ended up with about 20 clients who stayed and eventually the organisation just got out of the industry segment all together, and they gave me a redundancy package.
First, we are paired with the "legacy team" AKA --> You, in this case.
And mainly two things happen with the "tribal minds" of the two companies collide:
1. My peers will feel that you are X or Y and will start to be condescending with you and make your life harder;
2. Your peers will feel that we are "cheap," "foreign," and ignorant labor that will undo all the good work you did.
Because of my personal history, I can feel and see both side's views. And then I like to work with Americans and Natives more than I like my culture. (teamwork spirit is better)
Then I start to cut of the backstabbing and politics from my side, BUT I will ask and audit if you are playing fairly with us and consider and talk about the changes that will come and How can I make it easier for you[1].
If you don't play fair, I will have to enforce legal contracts and protect my company from you. If my side is not being fair, I will ask to "rotate" the team.
All the people who played fair were granted more work and more time and are right now earning more money and happier on my company or another. And I still really like them.
Conclusion: You got your badges, your war stories, and nice/elegant solutions. It was fun, but the owners need money. Nothing personal You need more challenges, and you Can Teach/Mentor better in other places. Thank you, soldier. I do hope we keep in touch because I love the way you did your terraform or scripts.
[1] - Telling management to keep you more time, more or fewer hours, Helping you dealing with backstabbing, insulating you from things and doing referrals for another jobs and whatever I can do.
The IPO was a lot of fun. We were still in charge of our own company culture. I wasn't privy to all the financial information, but we were told the company was skirting profitability and it would've been just a small push to get there. People worked harder afterwards to try to get to profitability. You also realize stock price has nothing to do with your day-to-day work - it's not in your control.
The acquisition was... well, a lot of us didn't stay. For one, a lot of people's RSU's had already vested. The acquisition meant a company cultural change. 1/3 of us left initially, some people were waiting for their RSU's to vest. I think in all, 2.5 years after acquisition, only 1/3 of the original staff is still there.
So depending on the exit, really understand what your yourself want out of life and career. It's ok to be selfish in this scenario, as not everything will be in your control, as others are also considering if they want to take large sums of money, even if it's not FYM. For being higher up on the corporate ladder, be honest and truthful to your reports. Don't make promises you can't keep.
Then our parent company got acquired and by extension we did too. Not even a remotely half-baked idea on what to do with us or our parent company. Grandparent company started meddling immediately without remotely understanding how the business functioned. Significant layoffs at both the parent and grandparent company. Multi-year hiring, compensation, and promotion freezes. Most of the founders were forced out. Forced down changes to core business technology to match their technology. Not a thought given to employee retention or business continuation. We pretty much had half the staff voluntarily leave in the following half year, which might be more attrition than the entire decade of company lifetime combined. Morale is pretty much in the gutter and the bleedout doesn't seem to to be stopping anytime soon. We pretty much flipped from a healthily profitable and growing division to one that's on the verge of collapse overnight. Plus side is our parent company negotiated an excellent severance clause for their employees, which lead to borderline sabotage by people in the parent company in hopes of getting severance instead of being forced to stay under the grandparent company.
Pretty much best case scenario and worst case scenario of what you'd want after an exit.
My latest has substantially improved the company. We're still very independent, employees made great money and now we have a strategic rudder and a patient investor that we didn't have before. In this case, our tech is very critical to their long term strategy.
If the deal is structured in such a way that there is mutual incentive for the company being acquired to continue growing, the results can be good. The necessary ingredients are to incentivize the acquired company to grow and the acquiring company to invest. If it's structured as a one-time cash-out for the founders or a financial engineering acquisition for the acquirer, it's likely a net negative.
Lets throw out some real numbers. Suppose "Small Startup" has $1M/year in revenue, is breaking even as far as expenses/profit, and is growing 30%/year.
Bad Acquisition: Pay the Small Startup founders $3M for the company.
Good Acquisition: Pay the founders $2M, and promise them 30% of revenue above $1M/year for the next 5 years. Also promise to invest an additional $3M over the next 5 years.
Usually it's a process where the company tries to push what you have into an existing product. The remaining staff support that product until the switch over happens. Some are forced to stay with option vesting deals. But usually happens over two years.
- loss of agility in finance, HR, product development as you have to check back with the corresponding divisions of the new parent company to get aligment/green light for any kind of investment.
Worse: not being able to make independent strategic decision in these areas, but only follow orders
- restructuring of upper management that creates disquiet/uncertainty with in teams -> productivity sinks
- Parent company's sales force/marketing does not know how to integrate your product into their current portfolio/process. (Example, when a manufacturing company wants to "go digital", buys other company but their Sales has no idea how to sale digital products)
- focus shifts from "working on your product for your customers" to "integrate with their system/ their other divisions" who have no idea of your customer base.
- corporate politics takes over the decision making process
- general much more "process" creaping in, make you develop much slower. (but that does not have to always be a bad thing)
Generally though, most of not all were just thankful to not have to depend on VC. Revenue wasn’t high enough to keep the company afloat, and the value in us was largely in our established brand within the market combined with a rather active user base.
Fortunately, most everyone who was in the company pre-acquisition are still around over a year and a half later.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6BaoxI75TRs
I couldn't watch that clip when it first came out. Too close to home.
@after_the_exit can you give us a hint of this unicorn so we have more context?
Of the team we had at the time of being acquired, 2/3 have left. Some of those departures were voluntary, others because their roles were eliminated (replaced with different skill sets).
The monolith we built over 6 years continues to live, but its days are numbered, as we’re shifting new development off of the project in favor of an updated stack.
The P/E firm that acquired us implemented a different type of equity system going forward: much like death, you can’t take it with you if you leave before the next exit.
https://www.saastr.com/if-youre-acquired-you-need-to-learn-t...
Maybe because of that not much changed afterwards. There were a bit more compliance issues to deal with. We got a bit more money to spend. Recruiting became both a bit easier (known value of offer) and a bit harder (can’t sell the IPO dream anymore).
After IPO my total comp became about where it would be if I joined a large public company to begin with, so nothing especially good or bad there either.
So I guess for me all in all not much changed, just something became more explicit and known.
For an IPO I haven't been through one of those but all of my friends just basically stare at the stock price all day every day and brag to their friends about how much money their stocks are worth.
In one, people go from owning options in their company which is private to owning options in another company that is also private. In the two companies where I have seen that happen things didn't change a whole lot but the "new way to do things" which is to say the way the acquiring company did things was sufficiently different than the way the acquired company did that there was churn.
In one the "exit" is really sort of an aquihire with no value transferred, rather the employees are all given some form of retention package depending on their perceived necessity to the success of merging in the acquired company. In those, people are typically both happy to still be working and conflicted because they now feel "trapped" as the only way to get value out of their previous investment of time into the startup is by working through their retention.
The rare, but happier version, is the one where stock options become "tradable" at some future date for non-zero amounts of money depending on the current stock price of either the acquiring (and already public) company, or the rarest where the company itself goes public.
A lot here varies by scale. At Sun I watched[1] a number of people become "overnight" multi-millionaires. Some people it didn't change at all, others became insufferable prima donas, and a number basically scaled back their work while they 'rested and vested.' A number of folks left to start their own companies (some as groups like Legato) now that they had enough money to self fund. Some, like John Gilmore, went off to do advocacy because of all the crazy stuff going on in the Crypto wars.
Bottom line is that if its a big uptick in wealth for a number of people they will all respond a bit differently. Life will be different.
For me, I came to recognize that there are many levels of "wealth"
Perhaps the first is when you have enough extra to insure your kids can go to the college of their choice (within reason I suppose). This can empower one to take some riskier bets and reap potentially some bigger rewards.
The next is when you have enough to send your kids to college and you can pay off your mortgage so that your "burn rate" is manageable regardless of your salary. This often empowers people to speak 'truth to power' since they don't really care if their truth makes those in power so uncomfortable they are asked to leave.
The third is when you own your living space outright, your kid's college is taken care of, and you have diversified the surplus into an investment strategy that is kicking off enough returns to cover your nominal burn rate (taxes, insurance, food, gas, car maintenance, home maintenance, etc). I used to talk about as being 'raman rich' much like a startup talks about being 'raman profitable' meaning that you don't have to work but not working means you might not get to take vacations or invest in other interesting endeavors.
So how your life changes will be based on both how you respond and how those around you respond to the way you respond :-).
In the first decade of the 2000's one of those Sun people who had turned into an insufferable prima dona came by looking for a job. They had mistaken (or over estimated) how much of their new wealth was because of what they did and how much of it was just luck. As a result they embarked on a number of risky startup ideas and I suspect never took anyone's advice on solving the hard problems. As a result, a string of failed startups and a trail of people who would listen to their pitch, nod politely and decline to participate. They ended up selling their house, moving to the midwest near their ex-wife's parents so that they could visit with their kids. Not a happy story.
[1] Not me though since I had started on the Monday after they went public.
The longer the vesting period, the more they have to lose with each decision. So they simply stop taking risks.
Within 2 years, the vast majority of the ~300 person startup I worked for had found new jobs, and if they are still there they're likely not in the same role.
We had new branding in the works, new products and a recruitment initiative that had been key to finding us very capable & motivated staff. I asked several times during the due diligence if they actually wanted all of that to continue, as they seemed a more conservative kind of shop.
Yes yes, business as usual please, came the response, who knows where it could lead. They still insisted on an earn-out clause that hinged on profitability alone.
After we signed, my whole experience of the (public) parent company was about quarter-to-quarter profitability - there was no visible technical leadership, everyone was fighting their own fires, just generally scrambling around hoping to save money or land a sale. If anything got delivered it seemed to be down to heroism, bullying or both.
After several weeks failing to meet up with other leaders in the company, I concluded that they didn't want any of my company's current developments. I emailed the CEO to say that I'd be firing about 50% of the team to save a huge number on the salary bill, and best meet the earn-out criteria, i.e. that we'd just be a cash cow and nothing more. I'd manage the transition, take the personal flak for it, and get a bonus on my way out.
These were people I liked, most lived locally and many I'd personally recruited. But I wasn't going to be naive about what the new parent company would want.
Immediately - a call from their CFO, pearls a-clutched. He was shocked, SHOCKED by my idea and emphasised it was not how things were done at the parent company. Despite the clause promising no interference in my running of the company, he was ready to veto me from doing it, with an EGM and everything. He offered to settle the earn-out early if I left early. And that was fine by me.
Two months later, they _did_ fire everyone I'd suggested, saving 2-4x what they might have paid me.
My old company is now a landing page for a vaporware product based on tech they have no expertise in.
There's not even any staff left who could debug the old platform if it broke - so they're crossing their fingers that 1/3 of the revenue doesn't disappear with a novel systems failure.
From the people who left, it sounds like a depressing, ambitionless place to work - i.e. perfectly integrated into the parent company.
Any change of control is an opportunity for some types of people, and a death knell for others, so I'm sure it's a better company for some people. Just nobody I'd respect :)
So valuable comments it's insane
I left just after the acquisition went through, because I wanted to work for a company where I could be mentored instead of swimming on my own, but I'm still friends with a lot of the people I worked with, so most of this is from an outsider looking in, but with stories from those still in the company.
The parent company swallowed the whole company, and while the product was still under the original startup name, it was built with the whole parent companies resources. While the product sadly no longer exists, they invested heavily in making sure it was a top resource, and fed into their main business.
Culturally, the place changed considerably. They went from penny pinching to giving generous budgets and perks to their employees. They were still to date the only company I've known that gave software engineers full flexitime - allowing people to work extra hours to build up extra holiday, and allowing people to take holiday whenever they wanted, with a day of notice. It all sounded amazing, but the biggest problems many of their faced was that the dev team didn't really improve. The company itself didn't have any other developers, so the same group of recent grads worked together for years. They've all left the team now, but many of them spent years working on a product without any other input. In this time, I had worked at three different companies with dozens of other talented developers, and I had learned a ton from them. Would you trade in mentorship and peer learning over insane company perks?
The last one is a negative one. The startup had several "divisions", and while the product is what got us acquired, the main money-bringer for several months was a call centre used to cold-call companies to pass on leads. They also dabbled in PPI, and other schemes from that time. We all knew that it was the product we had built that the company had wanted, and although everyone had been given new contracts at our new parent company, it became pretty clear that it was "only" the product. After a year, the owner had left the parent company to start a new venture, and mere weeks later everyone outside of the core product team that hadn't moved into other roles were made redundant. Our core product team consisted of about 8 people, in a company of around 50. A year after the acquisition was complete, only around a dozen remained.
- First, you need to find out if your department is not going to be axed immediately. A lot of functions will become redundant depending on your size (sales, HR, finance, IT are the most likely to go).
- Next, you need to find out what the org structure of the acquiring company is and how you integrate there. Each function that the acquiring company has will be replicated on your site in many cases. One example: You currently might not have a separation of product owners and project managers. If your acquirer sees these roles as different, then you will have to follow suit and people need to pick sides. Another example: If you have a regulatory department that currently reports to you as VP engineering, but the acquiring company has regulatory report into the GM/CEO whatever, then you will lose this team.
- If you can negotiate part of the post-acquisition plan, please make sure that the acquiring party agrees to grow you / your site at least to double the size. This means budget and head count (easy to forget the latter) must be allocated for the next 5 years. Otherwise you will not likely be able to hire anybody over the next 2 years, because you are not aligned to the budgetting season and head count is frozen. You need the growth just to handle all the new communication overhead you have with the acquirer.
- Resist the temptation to realign salaries and job grades too fast to the acquiring party. I have been in an acquisition where this was not handeled well. You can end up with overpayed employees who were just in the start-up for a long time and underpaid new hires. This can seriously mess things up and cause conflict among employees. Take your time and align with the new organization when everybody understands their new roles.
- Don't expect founders to stick around. They were used to running the ship and getting told what to do rarely works out unless for the vesting.
- Distance yourself quickly emotionally from "your" start-up. The likelyhood is large that the acquisition will break everything even though everyone has best intentions (compare most comments here). Don't be sad if it does.
- If you are an engineering VP now, you will likely end up as a senior manager or director. Put all your effort into being put into a director grade. Even if this is not justified normally (you need a team of 30-100 reports and/or 30-100m in sales normally to be called a director), it is much better to negotiate higher positions at the start. As many acquisitions are not allowed to scale, it might be very tough to ever be promoted for the next 5 years otherwise.
- If you can fight it, make sure that you retain on-site IT people. Corporate function are usually hell, but corporate IT is the worst.